<h3>Fall 2024 Product Releases reviewed.</h3><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/blog" target="_blank">Contentstack Blog</a>

Pulse-fall-2024-final

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Fall 2024 Product Update

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<h2>Introduction to Taxonomy in Content Management</h2>
Welcome to the&nbsp;Taxonomy course in Contentstack! This module will explore how taxonomy is crucial in organizing and managing content within your digital ecosystem.
<h2>Understanding Taxonomy</h2>
Taxonomy helps you categorize pieces of content within your stack to facilitate easy navigation, search, and retrieval of information. You can hierarchically organize your web properties based on your requirements, such as their purpose, target audience, or any other aspects of your business.
This systematic organization gives developers and content managers complete control over their content and helps users find relevant content more efficiently, thus improving the overall user experience.
<h2>Key Features of Taxonomy</h2>
Let's delve into the key features of Taxonomy as they apply to Contentstack:
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Structured Hierarchy:&nbsp;Taxonomies arrange terms in a hierarchical structure, simplifying the categorization and navigation of information.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Categorization and Classification:&nbsp;With taxonomy, you can categorize and classify entries using terms, enabling you to group similar content elements together logically.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Enhanced Search Efficiency:&nbsp;By narrowing down search results to relevant categories, taxonomy enhances search efficiency, allowing users to find the content they need quickly and effortlessly.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Use the APIs to retrieve Entries tagged with Taxonomy terms in the frontend web application.
 
 </li>
</ol>
<h2>Role-based Advantages</h2>
Now, let's explore how Taxonomy benefits different roles within your organization:
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Content Managers:&nbsp;Taxonomy significantly enhances content organization and navigation for content managers. They can categorize and manage content across multiple types, making locating and maintaining specific content easier.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Developers:&nbsp;For developers, Taxonomy offers a structured approach to organizing content facilitating the building and maintenance of website content. Developers can access content based on taxonomy terms using the APIs, allowing more advanced queries with the Content Delivery API.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Content Editors:&nbsp;Taxonomy streamlines workflow for content editors, allowing them to navigate and categorize content intuitively due to the hierarchical structure. This boosts productivity and reduces the time spent searching for specific content.
 
 </li>
</ol>

<h2>Real-World Example: E-commerce Product Taxonomy</h2>
Imagine you are managing an e-commerce platform that sells a wide range of products, from electronics to clothing. Let's apply the principles of taxonomy to organize the product catalog effectively.
1. Structured Hierarchy:
<ul>
 <li>
 Category:&nbsp;Electronics
 <ul>
 <li>
 Subcategories:&nbsp;Smartphones, Laptops, Cameras
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
 <li>
 Category:&nbsp;Clothing
 <ul>
 <li>
 Subcategories:&nbsp;Men's Clothing, Women's Clothing, Kids' Clothing
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
 <li>
 Category:&nbsp;Home &amp; Kitchen
 <ul>
 <li>
 Subcategories:&nbsp;Furniture, Appliances, Cookware
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
</ul>
2. Categorization and Classification:
<ul>
 <li>
 Within the "Smartphones" subcategory, products can be further classified based on brands such as Apple, Samsung, or Google.
 </li>
 <li>
 In the "Men's Clothing" category, items can be categorized by type, including shirts, pants, and accessories.
 </li>
</ul>
3. Enhanced Search Efficiency:
<ul>
 <li>
 A user searching for "Samsung smartphones" can quickly find relevant products within the "Smartphones" category under the "Electronics" section, narrowing down search results.
 </li>
 <li>
 Similarly, searching for "men's shirts" will lead users to the appropriate category within the "Clothing" section.
 </li>
</ul>

Taxonomy in Content Management

Welcome to Taxonomy

If you have not yet configured Postman to work with the Academy training instance, this module will help you download and setup the Contentstack Postman collections.
1.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/postman-collections">Download the Postman collections</a>
2.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/postman-collections">Download and install the Environment files for both Content Management and Content Delivery</a>
3. Create a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-tokens/create-a-delivery-token">Delivery Token</a>&nbsp;for Preview and Production
4.&nbsp; Create a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-tokens/generate-a-management-token">Management Token</a>

Configuring Postman with the Contentstack APIs

Using Postman and APIs in Contentstack

Introduction:&nbsp;In this module, you will learn how to create a taxonomy within Contentstack to effectively organize and structure your website's content.
Understanding Taxonomy:&nbsp;Taxonomies enable efficient content management and retrieval.&nbsp; Centrally managing taxonomies allow organizations to classify their content in a structured manner, enabling them to easily find content and also retrieve content based on the taxonomy and terms applied.&nbsp; In this course, we will look at how we can use taxonomies in Contentstack to structure and organize our content.
Step-by-Step Guide:
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Accessing Taxonomy Settings:
 <ul>
 <li>
 Log in to your Contentstack account.
 </li>
 <li>
 Navigate to the desired stack where you want to create a taxonomy.
 </li>
 <li>
 Click on the "Settings" icon (shortcut: press "S") located on the left navigation panel.
 </li>
 <li>
 Select "Taxonomy" from the settings menu. 
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltff4db51667495e31/6649053a4bfb7158ef42c0f1/new-taxonomy.png" alt="new-taxonomy.png" height="auto" />

<ol>
 <li>
 
 Creating a New Taxonomy:
 <ul>
 <li>
 Once in the Taxonomy section, click on the "+ New Taxonomy" button.
 </li>
 <li>
 Enter a Name for your taxonomy. Please note that the Unique ID will be auto-generated and can be edited until the taxonomy is saved. Once saved, the UID cannot be changed.
 </li>
 <li>
 Optionally, you can add a 'Description' of your taxonomy to provide additional context.
 </li>
 <li>
 Click on "Create Taxonomy" to finalize the creation process.
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltcb31202438264335/6649059b16e6bf7617590c83/new-dialog.png" alt="new-dialog.png" height="auto" />


Adding Terms to the Taxonomy:
<ul>
 <li>
 Within your newly created taxonomy, you can begin adding terms associated with the taxonomy.
 </li>
 <li>
 For example, if your taxonomy is based on "Superhero," you can create terms such as "Natural Powers," "Mystic Origins," "Scientific Experimentation," "Super Strength," etc.
 </li>
 <li>
 This step allows you to further organize and classify your content based on specific criteria.
 </li>
</ul>

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt1cafb7dd805ee8bb/664905e8d4d02ee5f02eaba3/terms.png" alt="terms.png" height="auto" />Conclusion:&nbsp;Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to create a taxonomy within Contentstack to organize and structure your website's content. By leveraging taxonomies, you can enhance the usability and navigation of your website, providing users with a seamless browsing experience. Don't forget that&nbsp;you can also create taxonomies programmatically using the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/content-management-api#taxonomy">Create a Taxonomy API request</a>&nbsp;for added flexibility and automation.

Creating a Taxonomy

Creating a Taxonomy Walkthrough

After we create a Taxonomy we&nbsp; need to add it to a Content Type before we can start using it.&nbsp; To do that, we will need to edit an existing Content Type and add a new Taxonomy field.&nbsp; Currently, Contentstack allows one Taxonomy field per Content Type, and within this field it is possible to select one or more taxonomies to use for selecting and adding terms to the Entry.&nbsp; Let's take a look at a practical example to understand how we can add our Taxonomy to our Content Type.&nbsp;
1.&nbsp; Navigate to the Content Models window and edit the&nbsp;Character Content Type.
2.&nbsp; Add a new Taxonomy field<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltf9b6eb87c30d5f53/6649073a0a0de6d1a2314d19/taxonomy-content-type.png" alt="taxonomy-content-type.png" height="auto" />3. Select the Superhero Taxonomy&nbsp;

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt023a2d4f291d753e/664907705c2483f6a6bc3484/superhero-taxonomy.png" alt="superhero-taxonomy.png" height="auto" />4. Save the Content Type

Using the Taxonomy in a Content Type

Using a Taxonomy to a Content Type Walkthrough

Welcome to the module on editing taxonomies within Contentstack! This module will explore how to easily modify your taxonomies to suit your evolving content organization needs.
Overview
Once you've created a taxonomy, you may need to make adjustments, such as updating its name or description. This module will guide you through the steps to edit a taxonomy efficiently.
Accessing Taxonomies
To begin editing a taxonomy, follow these steps:
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Log in:&nbsp;Access your Contentstack account.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Navigate to Settings:&nbsp;On the left navigation panel, click on the "Settings" icon (shortcut: press "S").
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Select Taxonomy:&nbsp;Within the Settings section, choose the "Taxonomy" option.
 
 </li>
</ol>
Editing a Taxonomy
Once you've accessed the Taxonomy section, follow these steps to edit a taxonomy:
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Locate the Taxonomy:&nbsp;Identify the taxonomy you wish to edit from the list displayed.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Access Edit Options:&nbsp;In the Actions column for the respective taxonomy, click on the ellipsis (three dots) icon.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Initiate Editing:&nbsp;Select the "Edit" button from the options provided.
 
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blted5a3726271be0d9/6649083e42843219ee1989c5/edit-taxonomy.png" alt="edit-taxonomy.png" height="auto" />
Making Changes
In the Edit Taxonomy modal, you can modify the following aspects of the taxonomy:
<ul>
 <li>
 Taxonomy Name:&nbsp;Update the name of the taxonomy to reflect any changes in its purpose or scope.
 </li>
 <li>
 Description:&nbsp;Edit or add a description to provide context or additional information about the taxonomy.
 </li>
</ul>
Please note: The Taxonomy UID cannot be edited once the taxonomy is created.
Saving Changes
Once you've made the necessary edits, click the "Update" button in the Edit Taxonomy modal to save your changes.
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltd92f9c2458b232ef/6649086b6d7055d1ed4d90d9/save-edits.png" alt="save-edits.png" height="auto" />
Conclusion
In this module, you've learned how to effectively edit taxonomies within Contentstack, enabling you to adapt your content organization structure to meet your requirements better. Should you have further questions or require assistance, don't hesitate to contact our support team.

Editing a Taxonomy

Editing a Taxonomy Walkthrough

Here's a step-by-step guide for adding a taxonomy to a content type in your Contentstack account:
1. Log in to Your Contentstack Account: &nbsp; &nbsp;Open your web browser and navigate to the Contentstack login page. Enter your credentials to log in to your account.
2. Access Content Models: &nbsp; &nbsp;Once logged in, you'll be directed to your dashboard. On the left navigation panel, click the "Content Models" icon. Then, either create a new content type or select an existing one where you want to add the taxonomy.
3. Open Content Type Builder: &nbsp; &nbsp;On the "Content Type Builder" page, you'll see the fields of your selected content type. To add a new field, click the "Insert a field" (+ icon) that appears when you hover the cursor.
4. Select Taxonomy Field: &nbsp; &nbsp;From the list of available fields, choose "Taxonomy." <img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt1955decba4e089d9/664909a4dda14b775adff5fb/add-taxonomy.png" alt="add-taxonomy.png" height="auto" />
5. Configure Taxonomy Field Properties: &nbsp; &nbsp;Click on the properties (cog icon) to configure the properties of the taxonomy field.
Note:&nbsp;that the default UID for the taxonomy field is set to "taxonomies" and cannot be updated.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltb17fde85126bc9a8/664909d0dda14bd66fdff5ff/configure.png" alt="configure.png" height="auto" />
6. Add Taxonomy: &nbsp; &nbsp;Click the "+ Add Taxonomy" button. A dropdown menu will appear with available taxonomies within the stack. Select the taxonomy you want to add. Note: You can include multiple taxonomies within a single taxonomy field in a content type.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt773afb5030bd9b0c/66490a045c2483cdbcbc3488/add-taxonomy2.png" alt="add-taxonomy2.png" height="auto" />
7. Set Maximum Number of Terms: &nbsp; &nbsp;You can limit the maximum number of terms for the taxonomy field by entering a number in the "Maximum Number of Terms" field.
Note&nbsp;that the maximum number of terms allowed per entry is 25.
8. Make Field Mandatory (Optional): &nbsp; &nbsp;If you want to make this taxonomy field mandatory, disable the "Optional Field" toggle.
9. Apply Changes: &nbsp; &nbsp; Once you've configured the taxonomy field according to your requirements, click "Apply" to add the taxonomy to the content type.
11. Start Categorizing Entries: &nbsp; &nbsp; With the taxonomy field added to your content type, you can begin adding entries and categorizing them using your selected taxonomy. 10. Confirmation: &nbsp; &nbsp; Upon successful addition, you'll receive a confirmation message. You can now see the taxonomy field included in your content type.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltb0f09f2ab2af37b2/66490a375fd9afddf270e288/confirm.png" alt="confirm.png" height="auto" />By following these steps, you can seamlessly integrate taxonomy into your content types and efficiently organize your content.

Add Taxonomy to a Content Type

Welcome to the module on Deleting a Taxonomy in Contentstack. In this module, we'll explore the process of removing a taxonomy from your stack.
Introduction
If you have any questions or need assistance, please contact our support team for more information.
Deleting a Taxonomy
Contentstack allows you to delete a taxonomy you've created within your stack. However, it's crucial to understand that unless you're the Owner or Admin of the stack, you cannot delete taxonomies created by other stakeholders.
Step-by-Step Guide
Let's walk through the steps to delete a taxonomy:
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Accessing Taxonomy Settings:
 <ul>
 <li>
 Log in to your Contentstack account and navigate to the stack where you want to delete a taxonomy.
 </li>
 <li>
 Click on the "Settings" icon (shortcut: press "S") located on the left navigation panel.
 </li>
 <li>
 Select "Taxonomy" from the settings options.
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Selecting and Deleting the Taxonomy:
 <ul>
 <li>
 Identify the taxonomy you wish to delete from the list.
 </li>
 <li>
 Click on the "ellipsis" (three dots) icon in the Actions column next to the taxonomy you want to remove.
 </li>
 <li>
 From the dropdown menu, choose "Delete."
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
</ol><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt3d7ef070c8554ae8/66490ab952619d0cc1a90a6c/delete.png" alt="delete.png" height="auto" />

<ol>
 <li>
 
 Confirming Deletion:
 <ul>
 <li>
 In the prompted Delete Taxonomy modal, type "DELETE" to confirm your action.
 </li>
 <li>
 Click on the "Delete" button to finalize the deletion process.
 </li>
 </ul>
 
 </li>
</ol><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt8e1438a4941b4fbc/66490ae70b508aca6cdcfc91/delete-confirm.png" alt="delete-confirm.png" height="auto" /> Warning
It's important to understand the consequences of deleting a taxonomy:
<ul>
 <li>
 Permanent deletion of the taxonomy and removal of its association with added content types.
 </li>
 <li>
 Deletion of all terms within the taxonomy and removal from entries.
 </li>
</ul>
Additional Deletion Option
Alternatively, you can also delete a taxonomy by following these steps:
<ul>
 <li>
 Click on the "ellipsis" (three dots) at the top right corner of the taxonomy page.
 </li>
 <li>
 Select "Delete Taxonomy."
 </li>
</ul>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blta3dc2fcc177f1e2f/66490b55428432fa191989cc/delete-confirm.png" alt="delete-confirm.png" height="auto" /> Conclusion
In conclusion, deleting a taxonomy in Contentstack involves a straightforward process, but it's essential to proceed with caution due to the permanent nature of this action. Understanding the implications of deletion ensures smooth management of your content structure.

Deleting a Taxonomy

With Contentstack, you can easily export a taxonomy in a JSON or CSV file.
To export a taxonomy, log in to your&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/login">Contentstack account</a>&nbsp;and perform the following steps:
<ol>
 <li>
 Go to your&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-stack/about-stack">stack</a>&nbsp;where you want to export a taxonomy, navigate to the “Settings” icon (press “S”) on the left navigation panel, and select&nbsp;Taxonomy.
 </li>
 <li>
 Select the taxonomy you want to export and click the “ellipsis” (three dots) in the&nbsp;Actions&nbsp;column.
 </li>
 <li>
 Choose the file format for exporting your taxonomy by selecting either&nbsp;Export as JSON&nbsp;or&nbsp;CSV.
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltdd5f3916194f4ddc/66490bbadda14b0548dff606/export.png" alt="export.png" height="auto" />This will download your taxonomy's JSON or CSV file and save it to your local storage system.

Exporting a Taxonomy

Import a Taxonomy

Terms serve as the primary classification elements within a taxonomy, allowing you to establish hierarchical structures and incorporate them into entries.
Example -&nbsp;In the Superhero taxonomy, we have two child terms: Origin &amp; Powers and Abilities.&nbsp; Each of these terms has two child terms.&nbsp;
Another Example -&nbsp;In a taxonomy related to "Animals," terms could include "Mammals," "Birds," "Reptiles," etc. Each of these terms represents a distinct category within the taxonomy.
Terms are used to classify and tag entry items. When creating or editing entries, users can select terms from predefined taxonomies to indicate the subject, topic, or category that the entry belongs to. This helps organize and structure entries, making searching, filtering, and managing easier.

<h1>Creating&nbsp;a Term</h1>
To&nbsp;create a term&nbsp;in Contentstack, follow these steps -
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Login to Contentstack: Go to the Contentstack&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/login">login page</a>&nbsp;and enter your credentials to log in to your account.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Access Taxonomies: Navigate to the "Settings" icon once logged in. Under "Settings," you'll find an option for "Taxonomies." Click on it to access the Taxonomies section.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Select&nbsp;a Taxonomy: In the Taxonomies section, you'll see a list of existing taxonomies, if any. Choose the taxonomy where you want to create the term.&nbsp;
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Add Term: After selecting the appropriate taxonomy, you'll see a button&nbsp;to "+ New Term."&nbsp;Click on it to create a new term within the selected taxonomy. We are creating a new term under the "Genre" taxonomy here.
 
 </li>
</ol><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt3e1bff326b9b32eb/66490fb052619df401a90a72/new-term.png" alt="new-term.png" height="auto" />
Enter Term Details: In the "Term Details" page, you can enter details for the new term. This typically includes:
- Term Name: Enter the name of the term. For Example -&nbsp;Fiction
- Term UID: The Unique ID is automatically populated, which you can edit.
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt68fc44593ccfb6d2/66490fdab2e852b513451914/term-details.png" alt="term-details.png" height="auto" /> Save Term: Once you've entered the required details for the term, click on the "Save"&nbsp;button to create the term.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltf928dc426249a726/66490ffe16e6bf4dff590ca0/save-term.png" alt="save-term.png" height="auto" /> After saving the term, you should see a confirmation message indicating that the term has been successfully created. The following shows the term "Fiction" created under the "Genre"&nbsp;taxonomy.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltbf49c5b76f147235/66491058acadaf2407728327/genre.png" alt="genre.png" height="auto" /> Now, if you want to create a sibling term (a term at the same level as the current term) or a child term (a term nested within the current term), you can select any one from the button dropdown as shown below.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt419dc0a78431e93d/664910800b508ae4bedcfc97/sibling.png" alt="sibling.png" height="auto" />
 To Create a Sibling Term -
<ol>
 <li>
 Select the&nbsp;option to "Create a Sibling Term" from the dropdown. The selected option is always "Create a Sibling Term"&nbsp;by default. Click on the button&nbsp;"Create a Sibling Term". Here, we are creating a sibling term for the term "Fiction."
 </li>
</ol><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt5bce5b24075215db/664910b13092d0fa8b63f9dc/create-sib.png" alt="create-sib.png" height="auto" />This takes you to the "Term Details" page. Enter the Term Name and Term UID. Here, we are creating&nbsp;a new sibling term,&nbsp;"Non-Fiction." <img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt0f2a0ccb99ee1bbf/66491102efc97a0b144c0a81/non-fiction.png" alt="non-fiction.png" height="auto" />Click on the "Save" button to create the term successfully.&nbsp;The following shows the term&nbsp;"Non-Fiction"&nbsp;being created under the "Genre"&nbsp;taxonomy.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltc88b4a3bac5dfb41/6649113f4bfb713cf742c101/non-fiction2.png" width="auto" alt="non-fiction2.png" height="auto" max-width="auto" style="max-width: auto;width: auto;height: auto;" /> You can also create a sibling term by clicking the following icon and the above steps.
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt8ecc56c1036ca4a7/664911705fd9af38df70e290/add-sibling.png" width="698" alt="add-sibling.png" height="auto" max-width="698" style="max-width: 698px;width: 698;height: auto;" />
To Create a Child Term -
<ol>
 <li>
 Select the&nbsp;option to "Create a Child Term" from the dropdown. Click on the button&nbsp;"Create a Child Term". Here, we are creating a child term for the term "Fiction."
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt5bcd18629f02d153/664911ae342fb50f7a62cc5c/create-child.png" width="698" alt="create-child.png" height="auto" max-width="698" style="max-width: 698px;width: 698;height: auto;" /> This takes you to the "Term Details" page. Enter the Term Name and Term UID and click the "Save" button.&nbsp;Here, we are creating&nbsp;a new child term,&nbsp;"Historical Fiction."&nbsp;The following shows the term&nbsp;" Historical Fiction"&nbsp;being created under the "Genre"&nbsp;taxonomy.
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltae145a26adaf6260/664911ec3092d022d263f9e0/term-details2.png" alt="term-details2.png" height="auto" /> You can also create a child term by clicking the following icon and the above steps.
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltf305bc137e7448fb/664912210b508a12abdcfc9f/add-child-btn.png" width="695" alt="add-child-btn.png" height="auto" max-width="695" style="max-width: 695px;width: 695;height: auto;" /> By following these steps, you can effectively create&nbsp;terms within your Contentstack account, facilitating better organization and classification of your entry items.

Creating Terms

Once you've created terms, you retain the flexibility to adjust terms, empowering you to make changes like updating their names as needed. To&nbsp;edit a&nbsp;term&nbsp;in Contentstack, follow these steps -
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Login to Contentstack: Go to the Contentstack&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/login">login page</a>&nbsp;and enter your credentials to log in to your account.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Access Taxonomies: Navigate to the "Settings" icon once logged in. Under "Settings," you'll find an option for "Taxonomies." Click on it to access the Taxonomies section&nbsp;to access the list of taxonomies in your Contentstack organization.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Choose Taxonomy: From the list of available taxonomies, select the taxonomy containing the term you want to edit. Here, we select the taxonomy&nbsp;"Genre."
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Locate Term: Find the term you wish to edit within the selected taxonomy. You may need to expand categories or scroll through the list to locate the specific term and click on the term you need to edit.&nbsp;Here, we will edit the term&nbsp;"Historical Fiction,"&nbsp;under the term&nbsp;"Fiction."
 
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blte0a2e094e2870f56/664913ed4b531e6623c327f9/edit-term1.png" alt="edit-term1.png" height="auto" />
Edit Term: When you click on the term you want to edit, it opens the "Term Details" page, where you can update the term's name. Here, we will update the name of the term&nbsp;"Historical Fiction."
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltfb2b2d57857bbb19/6649140fd4d02e180b2eac07/edit-term2.png" alt="edit-term2.png" height="auto" />
We will update the name of the term&nbsp;"Historical Fiction"&nbsp;to&nbsp;"Historical/Old Fiction."&nbsp;Click the "Update" button to update the term successfully.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltf83833ed72fc6e7c/6649143916e6bf5faf590ca4/edit-term3.png" width="auto" alt="edit-term3.png" height="auto" max-width="auto" style="max-width: auto;width: auto;height: auto;" />
The following shows the updated name for the term&nbsp;"Historical/Old Fiction"&nbsp;being created.

<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltf2fdd3d5eefde954/664914e452619d964ba90a76/hiatorical.png" alt="hiatorical.png" height="auto" />

Editing Terms

Within your stack, you can delete terms from a taxonomy.&nbsp;To&nbsp;delete a term&nbsp;in Contentstack, follow these steps -
<ol>
 <li>
 
 Login to Contentstack: Go to the Contentstack&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/login">login page</a>&nbsp;and enter your credentials to log in to your account.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Access Taxonomies: Navigate to the "Settings" icon once logged in. Under "Settings," you'll find an option for "Taxonomies." Click on it to access the Taxonomies section&nbsp;to access the list of taxonomies in your Contentstack organization.
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Choose Taxonomy: From the list of available taxonomies, select the taxonomy containing the term you want to delete. Here, we select the taxonomy&nbsp;"Genre."
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Choose Term: Select the term you want to delete from the list of available terms.
 
 </li>
</ol>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltd6b3065ffc2be7b9/664918433092d04da863f9e5/delete1.png" alt="delete1.png" height="auto" />Delete Term: Click on the ellipsis(three dots) icon on the top right corner of the page, which opens a dropdown list from which click the&nbsp;"Delete Term"&nbsp;option.


<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt53ad850417bf1712/664918684bfb71e49b42c106/delete5.png" width="auto" alt="delete5.png" height="auto" max-width="auto" style="max-width: auto;width: auto;height: auto;" />
 Click on Delete: Clicking on the "Delete Term" option opens a dialog box that asks you to confirm the delete operation. Deleting a parent term will also automatically delete its child term(s). Here, it shows that we will delete the term "Fiction," which contains the child term "Historical/Old Fiction," which will also be&nbsp;deleted. <img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blte16e4232a1532d3c/664918685fd9afd68670e295/delete3.png" width="auto" alt="delete3.png" height="auto" max-width="auto" style="max-width: auto;width: auto;height: auto;" /> After successful deletion, you can see that the "Fiction" term is deleted along with its child term, "Historical/Old Fiction." <img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt1b8e0895d4479e66/66491868a3f9df6ea1c10bba/delet2.png" alt="delet2.png" height="auto" />Following these steps, you can effectively delete terms within your Contentstack account, facilitating better organization and classification of your entry items.

Deleting Terms

Let's&nbsp;consider an example. Our stack has the following taxonomy created.We have terms inside&nbsp;Superhero, as seen in the image below.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blta2c07a004b22deaf/66491a5c52619de069a90a7a/cm1.png" alt="cm1.png" height="auto"/><h2>Get all&nbsp;taxonomies</h2>The Get All Taxonomies request provides detailed information about every taxonomy available within your company's specific stack.Example:&nbsp;Let's retrieve every taxonomy found within our stack.&nbsp;Take into consideration the example given in the Overview section.Below is the curl command for the same.&nbsp;<pre>curl --location 'https://api.contentstack.io/v3/taxonomies' \ --header 'api_key: **************' \ --header 'authorization: *******************' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ &nbsp;--data ''</pre>View the screenshot below to view the outcome of the postman call.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blte56d3a57b7d08f32/66491abb5c2483ea33bc3490/cm2.png" alt="cm2.png" height="auto"/><h2>Get a single taxonomy</h2>The "Get a single taxonomy" request provides detailed information about a single taxonomy in a given stack.Example: Consider the example given in the Overview section for this.&nbsp;Let's fetch&nbsp;superhero&nbsp;taxonomy.Below is the curl command to fetch&nbsp;superhero&nbsp;taxonomy<pre>curl --location 'https://api.contentstack.io/v3/taxonomies/superhero' \ --header 'api_key: **************' \ --header 'authorization: ****************' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --data ''</pre>View the screenshot below to see the outcome of the postman call.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt7a5e0ccf8f22c799/66491af40bbc62953a7fabeb/cm3.png" alt="cm3.png" height="auto"/><h2>Get a single term</h2>The "Get a single term" request provides detailed information about a single term in a given taxonomy.<pre>Example:&nbsp;Consider the following example, which is provided in the Overview section. Obtain a single term from the superhero taxonomy that refers to powers and abilities.</pre><pre>curl --location 'https://api.contentstack.io/v3/taxonomies/superhero/terms/powers_and_abilities' \ --header 'api_key: ***************' \ --header 'authorization: **********************' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --data ''</pre>View the screenshot below to see the outcome of the postman call.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt76708a5e5731c2a7/66491b500a0de6460e314d1e/cm4.png" alt="cm4.png" height="auto"/><h2>Create a term</h2>Within your stack, a term in a specific taxonomy is created via the Create a Term request.Since terms are organized hierarchically in a taxonomy, it's important to define the order when creating new terms. For instance, when creating a term at the root level, set the&nbsp;parent_uid&nbsp;as&nbsp;null&nbsp;and specify the level as 1 or above to position it in the list. To create a child term, provide the&nbsp;parent_uid&nbsp;of the parent term where you want to add the new child term and indicate the desired position within the order parameter.<h2>Creating a Term&nbsp; at the Root level</h2>When creating terms at the parent level, the request body should look like this:Example:&nbsp;We would like to&nbsp; make a new Term at the root level.&nbsp; For this, consider the example provided in the previous modules. And add the term "Films" to the "Superhero"&nbsp;taxonomy.&nbsp; Notice that the parent UID is&nbsp;null.Below is the curl command to create a term.&nbsp;<pre>curl --location 'https://api.contentstack.io/v3/taxonomies/superhero/terms' \ --header 'api_key:**************' \ --header 'authorization: ********************' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --data '{ &nbsp; "term": { &nbsp; &nbsp; "uid": "films", &nbsp; &nbsp; "name": "Films", &nbsp; &nbsp; "parent_uid": null &nbsp; } }'</pre>View the screenshot below to see the outcome of the postman call.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blte499ee888d5dbecf/66491b9b342fb5f06e62cc64/cm5.png" alt="cm5.png" height="auto"/>The result should be a new Term 'Films' located in the Superhero Taxonomy at the root level. <img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltad086fe9c6e5a3d6/66491bc34ac76eba9f40f88c/cm6.png" alt="cm6.png" height="auto"/><h2>Creating a Term under a parent Term</h2>When creating terms at the child level, the request body should look like this:<pre>curl --location 'https://api.contentstack.io/v3/taxonomies/superhero/terms' \ --header 'api_key:**************' \ --header 'authorization: ********************' \ --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \ --data '{ &nbsp; "term": { &nbsp; &nbsp; "uid": "scientific_experimentation", &nbsp; &nbsp; "name": "Scientific Experimentation", &nbsp; &nbsp; "parent_uid": "origin" &nbsp; } }'</pre><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltb7de7c5f1d2ec22f/66491cd2a3f9dfedffc10bc2/cm7.png" alt="cm7.png" height="auto"/> The result should be a new Term located under the Origin parent term:<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt160628212409b4a6/66491d1cf445aa8b7254c5c4/cm8.png" alt="cm8.png" height="auto"/>

Content Management APIs for Taxonomy

Using the Content Management API to Read the Taxonomy Information

Creating a New Taxonomy with the Content Management API

Querying using the Taxonomy IN Operator

Querying with the Taxonomy Equals or Below Operator

Use case
Breadcrumbs serve as a helpful navigation tool, enabling users to easily trace their path and understand their position within the hierarchical structure of a website, particularly useful for blogs and product listings.
Solutions
<ul>
 <li>
 The taxonomy terms hierarchy can be used to generate Breadcrumbs for Blog articles or product entries.
 </li>
 <li>
 Define the taxonomy terms in the hierarchy for product entries&nbsp;
 </li>
</ul>
<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt11ace396066f4b52/664924aaf445aaa5cb54c5f8/breadcrumbs.png" alt="breadcrumbs.png" height="auto" />
 
<ul>
 <li>
 Use this taxonomy&nbsp;hierarchy to generate breadcrumbs by using terms associated and its hierarchy and category-specific pages can be generated by making&nbsp;entries based on&nbsp;taxonomy&nbsp;Content delivery Api call&nbsp;in frontend.
 </li>
 <li>
 Also, Dynamic URLs generation for an entry based on the taxonomy hierarchy eg. e-commerce product pages are also can be done to match URL hierarchy with breadcrumbs&nbsp;
 </li>
</ul>

<h1>Advanced Search filter for Content</h1>
Use case:
We need a Blog listing page with sidebar filter for blog categories
Solution:
<ul>
 <li>
 Define a taxonomy structure and add&nbsp;nested terms for each blog category
 </li>
 <li>
 Each blog article will be tagged with the blog category term
 </li>
 <li>
 On the website we will list all blog categories with hierarchy in the sidebar and filter based on the selected combination of categories.&nbsp; The developer can make CDA API calls for blog articles filtered based on taxonomy terms. See the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/content-delivery-api#taxonomy">API guide</a>&nbsp;for more details.
 </li>
</ul>

<h1> Multi-Brand within Single stack architecture</h1>
<h3>Use case</h3>
Customer has&nbsp;one Stack and would like to accommodate multiple brand website which will have some global&nbsp;content&nbsp;
<ul>
 <li>
 
 Brand 1 Domain (https://www.brand1.com/)
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Brand 2&nbsp;Domain (https://www.brand2.com/)
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 They need brand specific entries access control for brand specific custom roles&nbsp;
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 CDA APIs to fetch brand specific content entries for each domain.
 
 </li>
</ul>
<h3>Solution Overview:</h3>
<ul>
 <li>
 
 Create a new Taxonomy to define brands
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 In the Content Model we will add a Taxonomy field Selector for Brand&nbsp;in&nbsp;content types (Page, blog, product etc)
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Create an asset folder for each brand to store separate brand specific&nbsp;assets and set up asset permission in brand specific custom roles
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 Setup custom Roles for each Brand&nbsp;Content editors with proper accessibility as per taxonomy access (upcoming enhancement in roles) and brand based asset folder access
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 The editor will publish changes to the production&nbsp;Environment with the Taxonomy
 
 </li>
 <li>
 
 On each brand specific frontend site, the developer will make API calls with filtering content based on brand taxonomy to get pages specific to brand taxonomy&nbsp;
 
 </li>
</ul>

Use Cases for Taxonomy

This course is intended to outline the Contentstack features and techniques for using the Taxonomy features with&nbsp;your content, understand the APIs, and how to leverage Taxonomy within your implementation.&nbsp; Completion of this course earns a 'badge' for this topic.!Required for this course:<ol><li>Account in Contentstack with access to a Stack as an Administrator or Developer. Create a training Stack&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/academy-old" target="_self">here</a>. Training stacks are available for 90 days. Alternatively, you can bootstrap a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/cli/bootstrap-starter-apps">Starter App via the CLI</a>&nbsp;or from the&nbsp;<a href="https://app.contentstack.com/#!/marketplace/starters">Marketplace</a>.&nbsp;</li><li>Permissions to create a new Taxonomy and edit Content Types in a Stack.&nbsp;</li></ol>

taxonomy-foundations.png

Taxonomy Foundations

Discover how to leverage Visual Builder’s WYSIWYG interface to streamline web page creation, editing, and customization—all in real time. You’ll see how to make rapid, live updates without switching between environments, making it easier to focus on functionality and design simultaneously. Perfect for developers who want to speed up their workflow and enhance collaboration with content creators, this video covers everything you need to know to start building dynamic pages with ease using Visual Builder.Discord:&nbsp;<a href="https://discord.com/invite/NyWJ68gdDw">https://discord.com/invite/NyWJ68gdDw</a><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-visual-builder" target="_blank">Visual Builder Documentation for Developers</a>

Cs Visual Building-code

Discover how to leverage Visual Builder’s WYSIWYG interface to streamline web page creation, editing, and customization—all in real time. 

Opengraph_A.png

Visual Builder for Devs

vb-for-devs.png

Visual Builder for Developers

Introducing Brand Kit

Voice Profiles

Knowledge Vault

<h3>Make Generative AI More Powerful</h3> Contentstack's Brand Kit allows you to maintain a consistent brand voice across all channels. Effortlessly generate content that aligns with your brand’s personality and resonates with your audience. Brand Kit includes Knowledge Vault - a centralized way for you to store your company’s essential information. This will empower AI to produce factually accurate content that supports your business objectives.

Brand Kit Foundations

Brand Kit_  strategy.pdf

brandkit.svg

Unlock the basics of Contentstack’s Visual Builder in this quick video. This video guides you through the essentials of using Visual Builder’s WYSIWYG interface to create, edit, and customize web pages in real time. You’ll learn how to make instant changes, see live previews, and collaborate effortlessly—all in one intuitive interface. Start using Visual Builder to streamline your content management with ease.<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/visual-builder" target="_blank">Visual Builder Documentation</a>

Understanding-visual-builder

Unlock the basics of Contentstack’s Visual Builder in this quick video.

Understanding Visual Builder

understanding-vb.png

Discord: <a href="https://discord.com/invite/NyWJ68gdDw">https://discord.com/invite/NyWJ68gdDw</a>

Personalize w/Code

Implementing Personalize with Code

personalize-with-code.png

Using Personalize with Code

<h1>Meet the Composable Heroes</h1>Meet the Composable Heroes' Development Team Lead, Cyber Surge. She and her developers can easily create websites using any available technology but are missing an&nbsp;efficient way to create and manage content.
 <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575809/original/c6fb0372-67aa-4cd6-8bf1-f6d6a95e5ca2-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_1.48.20_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575810/original/a4412fe3-9d4b-4480-adfa-6622604fcdc5-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_1.54.50_PM.png" width="100"/> The Lightning Excavator,&nbsp;head of Marketing and Sales, identified that Contentstack could assist Cyber Surge in improving its content management process. However, the team needs assistance understanding how to leverage Contentstack's features to address their challenge. You must learn and demonstrate how Contentstack can assist the Composable Heroes in accomplishing their goals.In this episode, you'll learn the basics&nbsp;of Contentstack and delve into its features and higher-level entities.<h1>What is a Headless and Composable CMS?</h1>A Headless CMS(Content Management System) is a CMS without the head, which means it provides all the backend tools needed to create and publish content via API. The "head" is the final presentation layer that is provided to a user when they visit a site.A&nbsp;Composable CMS is a CMS that helps to integrate several technology vendors and services, providing omnichannel content delivery and limitless integration.MACH architecture is&nbsp;a modern approach to building software systems that emphasizes flexibility, scalability, and interoperability, while also ensuring that a&nbsp;technology stack remains future-proof. It stands for Microservices-based, API-first, Cloud-native SaaS, and Headless.<h1>How is Contentstack Headless and Composable?</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575816/original/314331c7-8d61-4380-a1e6-13c05382c3f6-Screenshot_2023-03-28_at_3.21.45_PM.png" width="100"/>Take into consideration the concept of a "Body" which operates as the backend repository, and a "Head" which functions as the presentation layer or frontend. Note that the Head and Body are independent of each other, and the deployment/publishing of content takes place through APIs.Moreover, Contentstack facilitates seamless third-party integrations through its <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/marketplace-apps/">Marketplace</a> apps. You can conveniently integrate various categories of service vendors such as Translations, Video, DAM (Digital Asset Management), Analytics, Commerce, Search, and more.Examples of a few of the Integration Channels that Contentstack supports:<ul><li>Translations - XTM, SDL, Smartling, and many more.</li><li>DAM - Brandfolder, Cloudinary, Bynder, and many more.</li><li>Video - Youtube, Brightcove, Vimeo, and many more.</li><li>Analytics - Google, Adobe, Mixpanel, and many more.</li><li>Commerce - BigCommerce, Salesforce commerce, Commercetools, and many more.</li><li>Search - Elasticsearch, Algolia, and many more.</li></ul>While these are just some of the integrations you can achieve through the marketplace, as long as a service has an API, it can be connected with Contentstack.Contentstack supports Automation&nbsp;functionality&nbsp;which enables the creation of&nbsp;a workflow that connects multiple&nbsp;web apps or services, including Contentstack. To achieve this, Contentstack has&nbsp;introduced&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/automation-hub-guides/about-automation-hub/">Automation Hub</a>, a visual builder&nbsp;for no-code/low-code workflows using an automation-based trigger and action system.Contentstack also provides <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/blog/all-about-headless/announcing-contentstack-launch-composable-is-now-even-easier/">Launch</a> as a platform that can help you host your website/app, thus providing a convenient solution for end-to-end content creation and management. Using Automation Hub together with Launch and Marketplace apps, Contentstack can serve as the nucleus where you can integrate and automate a&nbsp;whole ecosystem, while the various integration channels act as the electrons referencing necessary information. This unique capability is&nbsp;what makes Contentstack both an efficient and composable CMS.In summary, Contentstack is a composable,&nbsp;API-based, headless content management platform that allows developers to speed up delivery and development time&nbsp;while simultaneously enhancing the content managers' ability to create and manage their content independently.<h1>Real World Use Cases</h1>You need a marketing or e-commerce page that can serve&nbsp;content on different channels like a kiosk, web, and mobile for various experiences and campaigns.&nbsp;It should handle&nbsp;several&nbsp;frontend technology frameworks, and be able to manage additional localized content to be served in other countries and languages. Combined with MACH architecture, Contentstack&nbsp;can help solve this real-world scenario.&nbsp;<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/cms-guides/headless-cms/">What is a Headless CMS?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/cms-guides/what-is-composable-architecture/">What is a composable architecture?</a></li></ul>

Headless and Composable Contentstack

<h1>What are Organizations and Stacks?</h1>An Organization is the top-most entity in the hierarchy of entities in Contentstack. Users, stacks, and the other resources within the stacks are part of an Organization and are managed from a single administrative panel.A Stack is a repository or a container inside an organization that holds all the content/assets of your site. It allows multiple users to create, edit, approve, and publish their content within a single space.<h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575817/original/606ed1a9-971d-4081-a416-bef22c132317-Screenshot_2023-03-29_at_4.58.31_PM.png" width="100"/>Consider a 'Shelf' which consists of a 'Stack of Books.'&nbsp;The shelf helps organize the books. A book can contain content, including text, and images. There can be multiple shelves with different stacks of books. Projects within Contentstack work similarly, where an Organization represents the&nbsp;shelf, and&nbsp;Stacks represent the books.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575818/original/6dffcd04-1818-49e4-b3ad-a969be7ebea2-Screenshot_2023-03-27_at_4.34.06_PM.png" width="100"/>An Organization can consist of one or more Stacks. Depending on your team's plan, Contentstack also allows you to create multiple organizations with their own stacks(as shown in the diagram above).<h1>Organization and Stacks - Working with Contentstack</h1>The following video shows you how to log&nbsp;into Contentstack for the first time and provides&nbsp;an overview of accessing&nbsp;your Organization and Stacks within&nbsp;Contenstack's UI.<h1>Exercise 1 Video</h1>Follow along with the video to practice accessing your Organization and Stack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/pbnTewOr-b769H14u.html" width="100" height="100" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" controls="true" title="01 - Organization And Stack" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>Quick Tips: The maximum number of Organization records retrieved in a single GET&nbsp;API call&nbsp;is 100. The maximum number of Stack records retrieved in a single GET&nbsp;API call is 200.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/organization/about-organizations/">More About Organizations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-stack/about-stack/">More About Stacks</a></li></ul>

Organization and Stacks

Cyber Surge wishes to create two pages;&nbsp;the&nbsp;"Hall&nbsp;of Heroes"&nbsp;which is a gallery that showcases the Composable Heroes with their images, names, and a&nbsp;brief summary, and the other, "Hero Details&nbsp;Page"&nbsp;which displays detailed information about them, their powers, and the message that they wish the people to read when someone clicks and opens one of the heroes.In response to Cyber Surge's request, The Lightning Excavator&nbsp;is eager to learn how Contentstack can assist them in creating content structures or schemas that can hold the above content.They require a tailored and efficient solution that includes:<ul><li>The ability to create content dynamically without requiring multiple schemas or website code changes.</li><li>Ensures that best practices are followed.</li><li>Allows for organizing&nbsp;and filtering content based on its structure.</li></ul>In this episode, you'll learn how to create and organize the content structure needed for content creation.<h1>What is a Content Type?</h1>A Content Type is the structure or blueprint of a page or section your web or mobile property will display. You define the overall schema of this blueprint by adding fields and setting its properties.Creating a content type is like building a mold or cast that lets you create several objects (content&nbsp;entries) of that exact nature and pattern.<h1>Video: How to create a Content Type</h1>The following videos will walk you through the necessary steps to locate, create, and configure your Content Types in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/LTKtVWmq-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="02 - Content Type" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Consider a ‘Blog page’ which consists of a ‘Title,’ ‘Description,’ ‘Image,’ and ‘Published Date.’Its respective content type would contain:&nbsp;<ul><li>Title as a text field</li><li>Description as a multiple-line text field</li><li>Image as an Asset field</li><li>Published Date as a Date field.’</li></ul>Once you create a content type, you can create entries.The following diagram serves as an example:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575819/original/6fd376b2-a414-4dce-8e2a-adba7ea47661-Screenshot_2023-03-27_at_4.42.30_PM.png" width="100"/>Terminology&nbsp;to get familiar with:<ul><li>Fields - These are the building blocks/components of your structured content. You can control which data you want to add by configuring fields and their properties in a content type.</li><li>Entry - After you define a content type, you can use it to create an&nbsp;entry, then&nbsp;add data and publish it.</li><li>Asset - Any media file such as; .jpg, .pdf, or .mp4 you&nbsp;upload in an entry is added as an asset.</li><li>UID&nbsp;- A UID is a unique code that is assigned to something, like a person or a file, so that it can be easily identified and distinguished from other things that might have similar names or characteristics to&nbsp;ensure that the object is recognized&nbsp;and can be easily found in a system or database.</li></ul><h1>Best Practices To Use</h1><ul><li>It is always recommended to use&nbsp;a lowercase naming convention separated by an underscore for the Content Type UID. &nbsp;
 Examples: &nbsp;blog_page, about_us, hero_biography.</li><li>Provide meaningful, human-readable Titles to ensure your content types are user-friendly.
 Examples:&nbsp;'Blog Page'&nbsp;instead of Blog or&nbsp;blogpage.&nbsp;'Hero Biography'&nbsp;instead of HeroBio or&nbsp;herobio&nbsp;etc...</li><li>Provide a meaningful and intuitive description of your content type&nbsp;and what it&nbsp;is&nbsp;used for.</li></ul>
 Potential Use Case:<ul><li>If you want to create a simple blog page on your site, you will define a ‘Blog Page’ content type with ‘title,’ ‘date,’ ‘body,’ and ‘author’ fields.&nbsp;</li><li>If you want to create the homepage of your site, you will define a ‘Home Page’ content type with a ‘header,’ ‘footer,’ ‘banner-image,’ ‘title,’ and ‘body’ fields.</li></ul>Quick Tips:
 The maximum character length of a Content Type UID is 200.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/about-content-types/">More&nbsp;About Content Types</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/unique-id/">About&nbsp;Unique IDs</a></li></ul>

Building the Content Structure

<h3>What are the types of Content Type?</h3>Contentstack allows you to customize a content type to meet various business requirements, you can create a webpage(s), the partials of your webpage (header, footer, or menu), or experiences in your mobile application.Contentstack classifies Content Types into three types:<ul><li>Single Page Component/Content Type</li><li>Multiple Page Component/Content Type</li><li>Multi-Reusable Component/Content Type</li></ul><h1>Video: Different Types of Content Types&nbsp;</h1>The following video shows you how to change a Content Type type and&nbsp;some examples of the different types.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/0dvSF7gP-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="03 - Content Type Classification" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Exercise 2 Video</h1>Follow along with the video to practice building Content Types.<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NP3k1v8LnPs" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0"></iframe><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>Single Page Component/Content Type - If you want to create one-off pages that have a unique content type structure, you must make them as ‘Single Page Component/Content Type.’ Select&nbsp;‘Single’&nbsp;while creating the content type to achieve this. The below diagram gives you an illustration of the same.
 Example:&nbsp;Home Page, About Us Page, Privacy Policy Page, etc. All these pages are one-off pages on a website.</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575820/original/ebf3e8a5-e298-4f5b-aff8-f8812d0e6083-Screenshot_2023-04-13_at_5.18.03_PM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>Multiple Page Component/Content Type - If you want to create multiple pages using the same content type structure, you must create them as a&nbsp;‘Multiple Page Component/Content Type.’ Select&nbsp;‘Multiple’&nbsp;while creating the content type to achieve this. Refer to the diagram below for an example.
 Example:&nbsp;Blog Pages, Product Pages, etc.</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575821/original/91677768-34dc-49d3-b6ca-aba073a881ca-Screenshot_2023-04-13_at_5.18.13_PM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>Multi Reusable Component/Content Type - If you need to make multiple entries that are not pages and can be referred to or used as partial components, you should create them as a 'Multi Reusable Component/Content Type.'&nbsp;Select the type ‘Multiple’ while creating the content type, then use&nbsp;it as a ‘Reference’&nbsp;in any&nbsp;Content Type that contains a reference field. The below diagram illustrates this.
 Example:&nbsp;Authors(for the Blog Pages), Categories(for the Product Pages), etc…</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575822/original/5bcb3136-5e62-4f78-821e-a430510bf7f9-Screenshot_2023-04-13_at_5.18.24_PM.png" width="100"/>Quick Tips:
 If you want to create a single page entry for your content type&nbsp;like a&nbsp;‘Home Page’ or ‘Contact Us Page,’ always go for type ‘Single.’
 If you want to create multiple page entries for your content type like a ‘Blog Pages’ or ‘Product Pages,’ always go for type ‘Multiple.’<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/about-content-types/">About Content Types</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/reference/">About References</a></li></ul>

Content Type Classification

Labels allow you to categorize and organize the existing content types of your stack.You can create and apply labels to group content types for easy access. Labels provide a convenient way of classifying content types based on specific criteria.<h1>Video: How to create and manage Labels</h1>The following video shows how to create and manage labels and how to&nbsp;navigate content types and entries using such labels.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/A3ClCuPW-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="05 - Labels" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575872/original/b8be98fa-5cb5-4a35-9805-79d741214479-Screenshot_2023-03-30_at_2.31.47_PM.png" width="100"/>Consider that we have two teams, 'Marketing' and 'Writers,' each with content types, as shown in the diagram above. If you want to organize these content types into groups/folders, create two labels, 'Marketing' and 'Writers,' and apply these labels to the content types of each respective team.Thus, labels provide a convenient way of classifying content types based on specific criteria. Also, labels are not private. The labels you create for a particular stack are visible to all the users, so make sure you discuss with your team how you would like to produce labels.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Labels are the best option for organizing content entries based on Labeling and creating an easy way to navigate filtered entries.</li><li>Nested Labels allow the creation of a hierarchy for entities for quick navigations to filtered entries.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/about-labels/">About Labels</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/create-and-apply-labels/">How to create and apply Labels</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/manage-labels/">Manage Labels</a></div></li></ul>

Labels

Fields are the building blocks for structured content. The type and order of the fields you add to a content type decide how the content will be presented. All the content you will add to create an entry goes into the fields.Each field possesses specific properties, such as:<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Default Value</li><li>Help Text</li><li>Mandatory&nbsp;</li></ul>and so on. These properties are editable and provide flexibility to customize the nature of the field.<h1>Video: Content Type Fields Example;&nbsp;Blog Entry</h1>In this video, we look at&nbsp;the different fields used by the "Blog Entry" example Content Type.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/ZIuqUkgY-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="04 - Content Type Example" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575823/original/2881dcaf-2868-4bbd-b1fc-d5e4108efa64-Screenshot_2023-03-27_at_4.42.30_PM.png" width="100"/>Consider a 'Blog page' which consists of a 'Title,' 'Description,' 'Image,' and 'Published Date.' Its respective content type will contain fields like 'Title = text field,' 'Description = multiple line text field,' 'Image = Asset field,' and 'Published Date = Date field.'In Contentstack, the 'Title' field is a default text field that is mandatory and unique whenever you create a content type. It accepts single-line text and provides no formatting options or line breaks. The entry's title is the value entered in this field while making an entry.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575824/original/d3efe4db-b1fb-451d-9d89-c1046d76786a-Title_Field.png" width="100"/>Contentstack classifies Fields into two types:<ul><li>Simple Fields</li><li>Advanced Fields</li></ul>The following diagram depicts the types of fields:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575825/original/4496163f-99c1-4013-95c7-d9cfbeb2e93b-Screenshot_2023-03-30_at_3.29.34_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575826/original/b7f5c10f-4a07-44e3-90bc-0cfd6cd7fa1e-Screenshot_2023-03-30_at_3.29.51_PM.png" width="100"/>We will look at the above fields in detail in the upcoming episodes.Quick Tips:
 While you can add a maximum of&nbsp;100 fields to a content type by default, having large number of fields can increase complexity and impact authoring experience.&nbsp;<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/about-fields/">More About Fields</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/about-field-properties/">About Field Properties</a></div></li></ul>

Fields

The Single Line Textbox field enables users to type in single-line arbitrary text. When you add this field in content type, you will see a single-line textbox on the entry page to enter plain text only.This field does not provide any formatting options or line breaks.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575827/original/17c86b08-3113-4d72-852e-9aa517087dad-single_line_text_field.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you want to add an Author’s First Name and Last Name, you can use two different Single Line Textbox fields.</li><li>You can use two Single Line Textbox fields to capture an Author’s Address Line 1 and a second Address Line 2.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575828/original/eda7cb50-327c-47c8-935c-08e123b0818a-Screen_Shot_2023-04-27_at_5.44.31_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575829/original/893a5e80-3ea0-4890-800b-1c5056dbef47-Fields-advanced.png" width="100"/>The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Placeholder Value</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li><li>Advanced<ul><li>Number of Characters</li><li>Validation (Regex)</li><li>Validation Error Message</li><li>Default Value</li><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Unique</li><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>Quick Tips:
 It's a good practice to use this field for brief text that doesn't require any formatting or line breaks.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/single-line-textbox/">About Single Line Textbox Fields</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>

Single Line Textbox Field

The Multi-Line Textbox field enables users to enter the multi-line arbitrary text as content. When you add this field in the content type, it displays a text area on the entry page to enter a large chunk of data.This field does not provide any formatting options but does provide line breaks. <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575830/original/c8e7333a-228a-4e7f-9500-0492d8cc109b-multi-line_textbox.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>You can use a Multi-Line Textbox field to capture the entire address in one go with line breaks, for example, an Author’s Address.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Placeholder Value</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li><li>Number of Characters</li><li>Validation (Regex)</li><li>Validation Error Message</li><li>Default Value</li><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Unique</li><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>Quick Tips:
 Use this field if you don’t need any text formatting options but require multiple lines of text such as a paragraph description.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/multi-line-textbox/">About Multi-Line Text Box Fields</a></li></ul>

Multi-Line Textbox Field

The URL field enables you to define a relative path for where you want to publish content.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575831/original/6352f5e9-1fa8-4b4c-beaa-08bbcf651768-URL_Field.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If your page is a&nbsp;Blog Page, you should provide a relative path/URL like '/blog'.</li></ul>The use of the URL field will vary based on the content type you have created.If the type of content type is 'Single':<ul><li>You cannot set properties for the URL field.</li><li>The only property that you can modify is '<a href="http://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/multilingual-content/non-localizable-field/">Non-localizable</a>.'</li></ul>If the type of content type is 'Multiple':<ul><li>You can modify the 'Non-localizable' property in the 'Advanced' tab.</li><li>The basic properties in the 'Basic' tab will allow you to set the default URL Prefix Pattern. You can either manually input the URL Pattern to specify the prefix or choose from one of the following options -</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575832/original/5a0a8ebc-4141-4b7e-9308-22e578e1a434-URL_properties.png" width="100"/><ol><li>Title - When you select this option, a prefix using the value inside the 'Title' field will be automatically populated within the URL field.
 Examples:&nbsp;If the title field is 'About Us,' the URL field will automatically populate the value as '/about-us' in the entry.</li><li>Date and Title - When you select this option, a prefix with the current date followed by a value inside the 'Title' field will be automatically populated within the URL field.
 Examples:&nbsp;If the title field has a value of 'About Us' and the current day is '2023/03/30', the URL field will automatically populate the value as '/2023/03/30/about-us' in the entry.</li><li>Month and Title - When you select this option, a prefix with the current month and year followed by the value inside the 'Title' field will be automatically populated in the URL field.
 Examples:&nbsp;If the title field has a value as 'About Us' and the current month and year is '2023/03', the URL field will automatically populate the value as '/2023/03/about-us' in the entry.</li><li>Disable - When you select this option, the relative path will be kept blank by default. You can then enter a URL while creating the entry.</li><li>Custom - This option lets you set a custom URL pattern by using available variables, custom text, or a combination of both.

 The variables available for the custom pattern field are given as follows:</li></ol><ul><li>:title - Displays the title of the entry in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;If the title field is 'About Us,' the URL field will automatically populate the value as '/about-us' in the entry.</li><li>:unique_id - Displays the unique ID of the entry in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate a unique random id like '/asbd866478c'.</li><li>:year - Displays the year of creation (numeric) in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate the current year like '/2023'.</li><li>:year_short - Displays the short version of the year of creation (numeric) in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate the current year like '/23'.</li><li>:monthname - Displays the name of the month of creation in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate the current month name like'/march'.</li><li>:monthname_short - Displays the short version of the month name in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate the current month name in short, like'/mar'.</li><li>:day -Displays the day (numeric) of the creation in the URL.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate the current day, like'/30'.</li><li>:year-:month-:day - Displays the year/month/date of creation.
 Example:&nbsp;The URL field will automatically populate the current date like '/2023-03-30'.</li></ul>Potential Use Case:
 Auto-generate SEO Friendly URLs based on a title field value.
 Set up a preview URL for&nbsp;an entry so that an editor can easily navigate to the web pages and preview changes.Quick Tips:
 Use this parameter for&nbsp;your content types that delivers a page rather than a partial component or is a referenced content.
 If you have selected Single as your content type, we will be unable to set settings for the URL field.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="http://%E2%80%8Bhttps://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/url/">About URL Fields</a></div></li></ul>

URL Field

The Number field enables users to enter numeric data.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575833/original/7a48a9b8-c92b-42ec-a96f-2dabd00240a3-number_field.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>You can use a Number field to capture data like a Phone Number or a Zip Code.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Placeholder Value</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li><li>Advanced<ul><li>Range<ul><li>Min</li><li>Max</li></ul></li><li>Default Value</li><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Unique</li><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575834/original/eb393098-b2aa-482b-98e4-e5ba4e8e6675-Number_Advanced.png" width="100"/><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/number/">About Number Fields</a></li></ul>

Number Field

The Boolean input field enables users to input a ‘true’ or ‘false’ value in an entry. When you add this field in the content type, it is displayed as an on/off toggle switch on the entry page.The default value is always ‘false.’<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575835/original/f69740ec-ece9-4abe-80cb-7ee2dc4c4dee-boolean_field.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>Consider a website with a form with the terms and conditions or privacy policies of your company's legal agreement. On this form is a clickwrap field labeled 'I Agree' to obtain consent from the users. The users will have the option to agree or disagree with your company's policies. In such cases, you will be using a Boolean field.</li></ul>The following diagrams depict how a boolean field will look in the entry:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575836/original/b90d4030-f847-473c-a61c-de011fd46aaa-Screenshot_2023-03-30_at_5.50.19_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575837/original/7cb4985c-5e7a-4a0f-a8f4-818eccd71ee6-Screenshot_2023-03-30_at_5.50.26_PM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>You can easily toggle the switch to set the value to 'false' or 'true.'</li><li>The Default Value option helps you to set pre-define state&nbsp;of the boolean field. The value selected here will appear by default when an entry for this content type is created.</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575838/original/c53029c6-1280-40bd-b13f-5b416c03c08e-boolean_properties.png" width="100"/><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/boolean/">More About Boolean Field</a></li></ul>

Boolean Field

The Date field accepts a date in the *ISO format. When you add this field in the content type, it renders a calendar to select the date and time on the entry page.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575839/original/c060bf02-732f-484d-9b2e-abb6665f77d9-date_field.png" width="100"/>You can deactivate the time field using the ‘Hide Time’ option under its properties.(*ISO format - The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) date and time format is a standard way to express a numeric calendar date -- and optionally time -- in a format that eliminates ambiguity between entities.)<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575840/original/6bba7e0c-5362-4d51-9674-5b56dde89d30-date_properties.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>You can use a Date field to capture something like a Published Date of a Blog post.</li><li>If you want to capture a Date and Time for a Purchase Order, you can use a Date field along with Time.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li><li>Advanced<ul><li>Default Value<ul><li>Created Date</li><li>Custom Date</li></ul></li><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Hide Time</li><li>Set Date Range<ul><li>Start Date</li><li>End Date</li></ul></li><li>Multiple<ul><li>Max Limit</li></ul></li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/date/">About Date Field</a></li></ul>

Date Field

The File field enables users to upload and use files in an entry.When you add this field to the content type, it shows the following options:<ul><li>Choose a file - &nbsp;This lets you select an existing file(s) stored under <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-assets/">ASSETS</a>.</li><li>Upload a new file - This lets you upload any file from your local system.</li></ul>Every file you upload via the Upload new file option gets stored as an asset in Contentstack.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575841/original/ff4a0d6f-adc8-48bd-8dfe-cc5901b6c865-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.06.09_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you want to have the ability to upload an Image like an &nbsp;Author’s Image for a Blog post, you can use a File field.</li><li>If you want to have the ability to upload a Featured Image for a Blog post, you can use a File field.</li><li>If you want to have the option to upload a Video, like a Banner Video for the Home Page, you can use a File field.</li><li>If you want to have the option to upload a PDF file, you can use a File field for something like a Product Brochure that any user can download.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li><li>Advanced<ul><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li><li>Allow images only</li></ul></li><li>Allowed file types(s)</li><li>File size limit(MB)<ul><li>Min</li><li>Max</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575842/original/27776cb7-172b-42ca-b1f2-ac6ae74dc50e-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.11.34_AM.png" width="100"/>Quick Tips:
 You can upload files as large&nbsp;as is 700 MB, which is the default max file size.
 For optimization purpose the default Image input size is capped at&nbsp;50 MB.
 If you have selected Single as your content type, you cannot&nbsp;set settings for the URL field.
 The following characters cannot be used in the Filename or URL of the assets (stacks v3.2 and above) are `#%^+\/?\*:|"'&lt;&gt;\s{}=,_. Restricted characters will be replaced by an underscore (_) automatically.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/file/">About File Field</a></li></ul>

File Field

The Link field enables users to add a link(s) to their entry page.This field possesses two subfields:<ul><li>Title - This lets you specify the display text for the corresponding link.</li><li>Link - This enables you to set a static or relative (to the site’s root URL) URL for the related title.</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575843/original/b8301ed1-859c-4679-b3a2-ba7646fc0e91-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.13.16_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>You can choose a Link field if you want to create a link for a ‘Learn More’ button to visit and read more about a Product’s Detail. The ‘Title’ would be ‘Learn More’ and ’‘Link’ will contain the actual link to the destination page/article.</li><li>You can use a Link Field to create a Header menu containing menus like Blogs, About Us, Products, etc.</li><li>You can use a Link Field to create a Footer link containing links like Privacy Policy, Contact Us, etc.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display&nbsp;Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li><li>Advanced<ul><li>Default Value<ul><li>Title</li><li>URL</li></ul></li><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575844/original/5df36bd4-6a9e-44c5-ad64-40b60723069f-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.14.21_AM.png" width="100"/>Quick Tips:
 Always use this field to assign a Title and Link to any component on a page/entry.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/link/">About Link Field</a></li></ul>

Link Field

The Select field allows users to choose one or more options from predefined choices. Configure this field as a Radio button, Checkbox, or Dropdown menu.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575845/original/844456cc-29aa-4e89-a7ba-7fd72bbba7f6-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.15.39_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>Single-value choices - You can add options containing simple values.
 Example:&nbsp; For eCommerce, allow someone to pick a shirt size from XS, S, M, L, or XL.</li><li>Key-value pair choices - You can enable the Key-value pairs option and add key-value pairs separated by a colon (:). A comma separates every choice. Only the key name is displayed on the entry page, while the value is stored in the backend database for reference.
 Example:&nbsp;You might want to specify a state's code while defining choices in a government website so that we can specify key-value pairs such as New York:NY, Texas:TX, and Dubai:DBX.</li></ul>This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li><li>Selection Type</li><li>The limit&nbsp;for Multiple Choices</li><li>Display Type</li><li>Choice Data Type</li><li>Add Choices</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575846/original/23118f4d-0ec0-4ae3-9841-f2d37b867e27-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.17.00_AM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>Advanced<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575847/original/b010a290-f9c7-4f27-84f0-8db0b1e65c3f-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.17.17_AM.png" width="100"/>Quick Tips:
 You can add up to a max default count of 100 choices for a single dropdown menu.
 A key-value pair option can contain a maximum of 100 characters in length.
 Enabling or disabling the Enable key-value button erases your existing choices. Proceed with caution to avoid any loss of data.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/select/">About Select Field</a>&nbsp;</li></ul>

Select Field

The Reference field allows you to create references to entries of the same or another content type(s). It lets you access and use entries of other content types as input within your field.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575848/original/a94312b6-db00-482c-b24f-a48ccee905a5-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.21.36_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575849/original/18439acb-6a79-41ea-9fcf-18d9b582af18-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_10.17.37_AM.png" width="100"/>Consider a 'Blog page,' for example. There can be multiple blogs, each with the same or different authors. In such use cases, we will create two content types to avoid repeatability and create reusable components. The first content type will be 'Blog Page,' which consists of fields such as 'Title,' 'Description,' 'Image,' 'Author,' and 'Published Date.' The second content type will be 'Authors,' consisting of fields such as 'Title,' 'Description,' and 'Image.'Now you can add the 'Author' content type as a reference field in the 'Blog Page' content type. When you create an entry for the 'Blog Page' content type, you will refer to one of the entries from the 'Author' content type for the 'Author' field. When the page is rendered using <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/">Contentstack APIs</a>, the final Blog Page will contain all the content, including the Author details.Referencing can be classified into ' Self Referencing' and 'Include Referencing.' We can further classify 'Include Referencing' into two more sub-types: ' Single Content Type Referencing' and 'Multiple Content Type Referencing.'Let's have a look at each of these with examples:<ul><li>Self-Referencing - This refers to creating references of the same content type.
 Example:&nbsp;If a user buys a mobile phone belonging to XYZ brand, they should get recommendations of headsets, chargers, or mobile phone covers of the same brand. In this case, you can create a 'Product' content type with a field named 'Recommendations' as a reference to the same content type 'Product.'</li><li>Include Referencing - This refers to creating references of another content type(s).</li></ul><ol><li>Single Content Type Referencing - Here, the Reference field allows you to create references to entries of a single content type.
 Example:&nbsp;The Blog page and Author example you have seen above best suit this. The 'Author' field in the 'Blog Page' content type references the 'Author' content type. When you create an entry for the 'Blog Page' content type, you will refer to one of the entries from the 'Author' content type for the 'Author' field.</li><li>Multiple Content Type Referencing - Here, the Reference field allows you to create references to entries of various content types.
 Example:&nbsp;For an e-commerce site, you may have primary items like Clothes, Shoes, and Bags, and you want to create a page that displays all the products of a selected brand. First, you would create content types like 'Clothes,' 'Shoes,' and 'Bags' and their entries. Then, you would make the 'Brand' content type with the necessary fields and add a 'Reference' field named 'Products' that refers to the three content types 'Clothes,' 'Shoes,' and 'Bags.' When you create an entry for the 'Products,' you can select the entries from the three referenced content types.</li></ol>The Reference&nbsp;field possesses specific properties you can change anytime per your requirements.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li><li>Referenced Content Type</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575850/original/fdb8f91b-c33e-438e-a7e9-77aceee0f275-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.21.56_AM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>Advanced<ul><li>Options<ul><li>Mandatory</li><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575851/original/a50cd537-b21b-4d40-84a8-833bc826633a-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.22.04_AM.png" width="100"/>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>A reference field can be used to add links between two entries. In the Blog Entries page, the Author can be a reference entry with a separate Author Page, and it's easy to update Author details in one place in the Author content type entry due to referencing instead of each blog article of that Author.</li><li>Categories are another use case of reference where we can create a separate content type and add them as a reference in articles.</li><li>In the Navigation Menu, instead of a static link, we can add entry pages as reference menu items for each menu.</li></ul>Quick Tips:
 It's advised to limit content reference depth levels to 3 for better visibility and governance of content.
 Also, the maximum number of content types should be limited to 20 in a reference field.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/reference/">About Reference Field</a></li></ul>

Reference Field

The Group field enables users to group multiple fields. When set to ‘Multiple,’ users can create various iterations of a Group field while creating entries.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575852/original/dad0620a-7e80-4538-b915-ae9da62eec3c-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.25.04_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video:&nbsp;Group Fields on Entries</h1>The following video provides an example of an entry that uses group fields.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/agyFGCZh-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="06.1 - Entries With Group Fields" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575853/original/b7353518-d1ab-480f-9271-bbad9048e553-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_12.23.47_PM.png" width="100"/>Consider a 'Site Header' example. A site header may contain menus such as 'Blogs,' 'About Us', 'Features,' and 'Program.' These menus have a similar structure and serve a similar purpose. Each of these menus can be grouped using a 'Group Field' as 'Multiple,' consisting of fields like 'Link Field' that can capture the 'Title' and 'Link' of the menu items.Another typical use case for group fields is when you are tasked with creating a 'Carousel' on a page. A carousel generally contains images and some information about them. So, we can group them using the 'Group Field' as 'Multiple,' consisting of fields like 'Image,' 'Title,' 'Description,' and the 'Link Field.'The following diagram provides an example:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575854/original/27f5e2fe-ff3a-434b-b191-79394aa385fb-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_12.35.50_PM.png" width="100"/>The Group field possesses specific properties you can change anytime per your requirements.The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li><li>Advanced<ul><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575855/original/bfaff1ca-c58e-433c-8c79-659db6162481-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.25.44_AM.png" width="100"/>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>FAQ is one of the real-world use cases for Group fields where editors need to create multiple combinations of questions and answers.</li><li>Group fields can be used to dedicate a section of your website for specific purposes.
 Example:&nbsp; Survey Forms where you can incorporate all the existing fields Contentstack offers to create a questionnaire. Apart from survey forms, you can also generate an online polling system, quizzes, or even a rating system.</li></ul>Quick Tips:
 You can add up to a maximum of 100 fields(including nested fields) in a group field.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/group/">About Group Field</a></li></ul>

Group Field

A Modular Block is a field that allows content managers to dynamically create and modify components of a page or app on the go.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575856/original/f851c61e-9689-480c-a295-3db3c801f42b-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.27.38_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575857/original/cce5b0bb-3cd2-4005-94eb-cd9521f33326-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.27.56_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: Modular Block Fields on Entries</h1>The following video provides&nbsp;an example of an entry that uses modular block&nbsp;fields.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/g35Mr4US-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="06.2 - Entries With Modular Blocks" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Refer to the below diagram to better understand the concept of Modular Blocks:Consider a ‘Blog Page’ content type allowing users to create multiple entries or blog pages. Each author may have a content structure that serves content in a different order.Consider a ‘Blog Page 1 Layout’ which has fields in the order:<ul><li>Title</li><li>Description</li><li>Asset</li><li>Description</li><li>Asset</li><li>Asset</li></ul>There may be another blog, ‘Blog Page 2 Layout,’ which has fields in the order:<ul><li>Title</li><li>Asset</li><li>Description</li><li>Description</li><li>Asset</li><li>Description</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575858/original/1056b719-029b-4a25-bbbc-6c79a187d947-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_12.50.52_PM.png" width="100"/>Both layouts use the same content type structure, ‘Blog Page,’ but the selection and order of the fields change dynamically. In such cases, you can make use of Modular Blocks. Modular blocks allow a user to publish content dynamically without any code pushes, meaning that the developer does not have to make any code changes regarding the fields on the front end.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Dynamic Component-based content pages, e.g., Blog articles, can have different templates and content blogs with different ordering.</li><li>To show the end user something different based on their physical location (IP address), you can do so by using Modular Blocks in Contentstack.</li><li>Create Navigation with Menu items blocks for external, internal, and custom links schema fields.</li><li>Pick and choose page structure of predefined components&nbsp;for editors without relying on developers for dynamic page structuring.</li><li>Nested Blocks to create component hierarchy</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>Modular Blocks field can take&nbsp;20 blocks max by default and you can add up to 5&nbsp;Modular Blocks fields&nbsp;in a single content type.</li><li>If you have selected Single as your content type, we will be unable to set settings for the URL field.</li><li>While depth of nested blocks is 2&nbsp;the maximum number of blocks that&nbsp;can be added within a nested Modular Blocks field is 20.</li><li>The maximum number of fields that can be added to a content type is 100. When you add a Modular Blocks field to a content type, each Modular Blocks field is counted as a field, each block within the Modular Blocks field is counted as a field, and each field within a block is calculated too.</li></ul>Example:&nbsp;A content type with one Modular Blocks field that contains two blocks, each block with two fields each, will be counted as a total of 7 fields.<h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/modular-blocks/">About Modular Blocks</a></li></ul>

Modular Blocks Field

A Global field is a reusable field (consisting of a group of fields) that you can define once and reuse in any content type within your stack.This field saves the time and effort of adding the same set of fields (and their settings) in multiple content types of a stack.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575859/original/f577e226-5e89-476d-9af6-972f29a89d89-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.30.39_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you want to capture SEO information for your website, you can do this using the Global field. You will create a Global field consisting of fields like ‘SEO Title,’ ‘SEO Description,’ etc. You can then reuse this on any page. You can select ‘Global Field’ in that respective content type.</li><li>You can use the Global field to create a Button-Link structure that can be reused across the website. You will create a Global field consisting of a ‘Link Field’ where the ‘Title will be ‘Button Title’ and ’‘Link’ will contain the actual link of the destination page/article. You can then use this button on any page or section. This field has specific properties you can change anytime per your needs.</li></ul>The properties that can be modified are:<ul><li>Basic<ul><li>Select Global Field</li><li>Display Name</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>Instruction Value</li><li>Help Text</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575860/original/b66ab778-c7be-449a-abfe-3f1dd32cef75-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.30.53_AM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>Advanced<ul><li>Multiple</li><li>Non-localizable</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575861/original/b10851fb-82ea-4f73-b8d5-e52e882837e3-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.31.16_AM.png" width="100"/>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Reusable SEO group field inside the global field to reuse in multiple content types and maintain.</li><li>For reusable components like Banner, CTA, and FAQs.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>Like the number of fields in a content type is limited to&nbsp;100, same also applies for Global fields.</li><li>And you can up to 25 Global fields in a content type.
 Example:&nbsp;As we know, only 100 fields are allowed per content type. If a content type already contains two fields and if we try to include a global field containing 100 fields in this content type, then this content type field will exceed 100 and will not be allowed.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/global/">About Global Field</a></li></ul>

Global Field

The HTML Rich Text Editor (RTE) field enables users to input different types of content, such as text, images, videos, and so on. Adding an HTML-based RTE field in a content type displays a text area with editing and formatting options on the entry page.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575862/original/ace049f5-5d23-46ce-baec-2064d10b0da0-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.35.19_AM.png" width="100"/> <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575863/original/161d1081-347f-4507-9134-832d6d5529dd-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.37.03_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575864/original/914d4373-9bac-4f85-80a1-e9af17dcb4d0-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.37.17_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575865/original/aea52378-1345-42ed-9779-3c189b5aab7f-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.37.45_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you want to capture and format a description that includes text and images for the definition of a Blog Page or any Article, you can use HTML-based Rich Text Editor.</li></ul>The HTML-based Rich Text Editor (RTE) &nbsp;stores content as strings in HTML format.This field allows you to edit and format content entered in the field without using HTML tags (however, you can use HTML tags in the HTML mode, if needed).Besides choosing between the Basic and Advanced editors, developers can choose the Custom editor when adding the HTML-based RTE field to content types.The Custom editor allows you to choose from various formatting options and control what will be available in the HTML-based RTE toolbar for content managers.<h1>Best Practices To Use</h1><ul><li>Use this to embed entries and assets within the HTML-based Rich Text Editor, which are automatically updated within the Rich Text Editor field whenever the source entry or asset is updated. You can do this by checking the ‘Embed Objects’ in the ‘Advanced’ section of the HTML-based Rich Textor Editor.</li></ul>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Embed entry inline - To pass in some value from a linked entry that might be dynamic, such as a working title or a link that opens a modal popup.</li><li>Embed entry as a block - To add descriptive image carousels, survey forms, or product listings.</li><li>Embed entry as a hyperlink - To add a hyperlink in the RTE that changes dynamically whenever any updates are made.</li><li>Displayable embedded images - Such assets are dynamically updated in the front end whenever you change the source item in the asset manager.</li><li>Downloadable Images or Files - Such items are usually PDFs or other reference file formats with a handy download link.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>At any given time, you can&nbsp;combine&nbsp;a total of 100 entries and assets to&nbsp;be embedded inside a single RTE field.</li><li>A maximum default count of 10 content types can be selected for a Single RTE as a reference&nbsp;including&nbsp;embedded assets.</li><li>Any references within the embedded entry will not be resolved.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/rich-text-editor/">About Rich Text Editor Fields</a></li></ul>

HTML-based Rich Text Editor Field

The JSON Rich Text Editor (RTE) field is a block-style rich text editor that enables users to add different types of content. It stores content in structured JSON blocks containing text, images, videos, etc.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575866/original/9500b714-ea91-46ac-ab3e-126db2d7fcba-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.40.37_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575867/original/9e40b4ae-1b98-4e0f-83a8-0748393f9408-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.40.51_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575868/original/40be8d36-2f8f-435a-a019-e236a3d3f589-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.41.11_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575869/original/60cace29-e294-44f5-8a7f-185859898a2e-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.41.28_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you want to capture and format a description that includes text, and images, say, for the description of a Blog Page or any Article, you can use JSON Rich Text Editor.</li></ul>JSON Rich Text Editor stores content in structured JSON blocks containing text, images, videos, etc.Adding a JSON RTE field in a content type displays a text area with editing and formatting options on the entry page. This field allows you to edit and format content entered in the field without using HTML tags.Besides choosing between the Basic and Advanced editors, developers can choose the Custom editor when adding the JSON RTE field to content types.The Custom editor allows you to choose from the various formatting options and control what will be made available in the JSON RTE toolbar for content managers.You can type in the forward slash ("/") in your JSON Rich Text Editor to open a list of formatting options to style your content.Contentstack also includes the 'JSON RTE Comments'&nbsp;feature that allows you to add comments within the JSON Rich Text Editor. This feature helps you collaborate efficiently with other Contentstack users during content creation and review processes. We will take a look a this in our next video.Potential Use Case:<ol><li>It provides built-in syntax formatting for more than 60 programming languages.
 Examples:&nbsp;JavaScript, HTML, Python, etc.</li><li>You can create custom plugins or use existing marketplace apps like Aprimo, Cloudinary, etc., which will be available as an option in the formatting panel.</li></ol><h1>Real World Use Cases</h1><ul><li>Compared to HTML RTE, JSON RTE response can be in JSON format, which is easy to configure on different devices.</li><li>Formatting content is easy for editors.</li><li>Embed entry inline - To pass in some value from a linked entry that might be dynamic, such as a working title or a link that opens a modal popup.</li><li>Embed entry as a block - To add descriptive image carousels, survey forms, or product listings.</li><li>Embed entry as a hyperlink - To add a hyperlink in the RTE that changes dynamically whenever any updates are made.</li><li>Displayable embedded images - Such assets are dynamically updated in the front end whenever you change the source item in the asset manager.</li><li>Downloadable Images or Files - Such items are usually PDFs or other reference file formats with a handy download link.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>You can add 10 JSON RTEs&nbsp;per content type and 100 Entries embedded to one.</li><li>The maximum JSON RTE field data size limit (in bytes) is 30000 (30 KB).</li><li>A maximum of 15 content types can be selected as references for a single JSON RTE.</li><li>The maximum number of instances for JSON RTEs marked as "Multiple" is 100.</li><li>During migration, both the HTML-based and JSON RTEs should be at the same level of field depth to migrate content successfully.</li><li>If the JSON RTE is marked as "Multiple" and HTML RTE is of "Single" type, you won't be able to migrate content.</li><li>The HTML RTE and JSON RTE should allow embedded entries from the same referenced content types during migration. If the referenced content types differ, you cannot migrate content between the RTEs.</li><li>You can have multiple discussions within the JSON Rich Text Editor.</li><li>One active discussion can be associated with each selected content block, text, and image within the JSON RTE.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/json-rich-text-editor/about-json-rich-text-editor/">About JSON Rich Text Editor</a></li></ul>

JSON Rich Text Editor Field

Field Visibility&nbsp;Rules allow you to display or hide fields on an entry page based on the value entered.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575870/original/9f82ed57-3531-4228-b636-082613605e4f-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.45.50_AM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575871/original/92114afa-9a42-4821-9d82-e7c0059daccb-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.46.02_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>While checking out from an online shopping site, selecting the ‘The Same as Shipping Address’ field hides the ‘Billing Address’ field automatically.</li><li>When you select Gender as Male, it automatically adds ‘Mr.’ before the First Name field and hides the ‘Ms./Mrs.’ title.</li><li>While filling out a job form, if you answer the ‘Do you have any prior experience?’ field as ‘Yes,’ it shows the ‘Years of experience’ field while selecting ‘No’ does not.</li></ul>You can define Field visibility rules while creating or editing a content type. Only the stack owner, admins, and users assigned ‘Developer’ roles have the right to make a Field visibility rule in the stack.The list of operators that can be used to set the visibility rules can be found <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/operand-fields-and-supported-operators/">here</a>.Quick Tips:<ul><li>While you could easily add up to 10 rules per content type, with max of 5 conditions per rule.</li><li>And target as many as 5 fields for each rule.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/about-field-visibility-rules/">About Field Visibility&nbsp;Rules</a></li></ul>

Field Visibility Rules

Get ready to witness the incredible abilities of our esteemed content creators! Meet Lightning Bolt, the unrivaled master of speed and creativity, Thunder Monarch, the precise and skilled Grammarian, and Demo Almighty, the media mogul from Composable Heroes. Together, they are about to unleash the full potential of Contentstack, utilizing its powers to create captivating content for the Hall of Heroes and the Hero Details Page.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575811/original/21008db9-1900-47cf-9158-6bfbce43d630-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_1.49.00_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575812/original/ee4c84cc-c689-4564-a83f-b227b8bb2dab-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_1.48.42_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575813/original/f58ea62b-7139-4474-bb90-3b75fa5ae7b0-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_1.50.00_PM.png" width="100"/> The goal is to produce content for:<ul><li>Hall of Heroes (with images, names, and brief information about them)</li><li>Hero Details Page (includes detailed information about the heroes, their powers, and the message)</li></ul>In their quest to reach a global audience, our talented creators will craft captivating content in multiple languages. They will showcase mesmerizing images, heroic names, and intriguing information in the Hall of Heroes while providing detailed insights into each hero's powers and message on the Hero Details Page. With their expertise in managing multiple content versions, they will navigate the ever-changing content landscape. Embark on an exhilarating journey of content creation, management, and localization with Contentstack as your guiding companion. Unleash your creative superpowers and join these extraordinary content creators!In this episode, you'll learn how to create, manage and localize the content.

Building the Content

In Contentstack, any files (images, videos, PDFs, audio files, and so on) that you upload get stored in your repository for future use. This repository of uploaded files is called Assets.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575874/original/f98cec82-de2a-4fe0-81ee-aa4473eb72d1-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.54.41_AM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: How to Use Assets in Contentstack</h1>The following video shows how to manage assets in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/tBpN3sUE-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="07 - Assets" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Exercise 3 Video</h1>Follow along with the video to practice using Assets.<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w_BJ5gkGX80" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0"></iframe><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you want to upload an Author's Image for a Blog post, you can upload the image in the assets. You can then use or reference the asset in any entries with a field for assets.</li></ul>Once you upload a file to your Assets repository, you can attach it to any entry. This is especially useful when using certain assets in multiple entries.You can perform the following actions on assets:<ul><li>Upload assets to your stack.</li><li>Update asset details.</li><li>Delete assets permanently from your stack.</li><li>Publish assets to a specific environment(s) and locale(s).</li><li>Unpublish assets from the particular environment(s) and locale(s).</li><li>Locate assets easily using filters.</li></ul>To organize assets, you can create folders in the ASSETS section of Contentstack. You can maintain your assets in a nested folder structure, creating folders within folders with a maximum depth of five levels.An asset has the following metadata associated with it:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575875/original/305ac26d-8451-4490-b276-1d03ada433ed-Screenshot_2023-04-04_at_11.13.04_AM.png" width="100"/><ul><li>Title - Defines the Title for the image and will initially be the file's name that gets uploaded. You do have the option to change the Title.</li><li>Description and Tags - Both of these fields are optional. You can provide a basic description of the image while adding tags helps to search/filter the image based on tag names.</li><li>Filename - Defines the name of the file that gets uploaded to the assets.</li><li>Unique ID - Defines the unique identifier for the image.</li><li>File URL - Defines the URL of the image stored in assets and can be used to serve the image on your website. Clicking on the URL copy's the URL text, which you can use to open the image.</li><li>Permanent URL - Create a permanent URL by specifying a custom name for the image name in the URL.</li><li>File Location - Change the location of an image in the assets by clicking on the 'Change' option.</li><li>Type, File Size, Resolution, Created By, Created At, Last Modified By, Modified At - These are the basic properties that define the metadata of an image.</li><li>Referenced In - Provides information about which Content-Type and Locale the image are referenced.</li></ul><h1>Real World Use Cases</h1><ul><li>Contentstack provides a digital asset management feature with the Asset module to help manage assets and easily reference them on web pages.</li><li>Editors can organize assets in folders and filter based on the type of assets.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>For ease of management a folder can have default max of 500 asset.</li><li>And a multi level hierarchy of 5 levels.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-assets/">About Assets</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/faqs/#assets-faqs">Assets FAQ</a></div></li></ul>

Assets

<h2>Hello folks!&nbsp;</h2>Now that you have a good hold over the major entities in Contentstack, it's time to try some of those immediately.<ul><li>Download the images in the next module. (You can choose any random video for the video portion)</li><li>Navigate to the Assets area.</li><li>Create a new FOLDER &nbsp;to upload assets. The name of the folder should be New Heroes.</li><li>Upload new ASSETS for&nbsp;the following heroes.</li></ul><ol><li>One Image&nbsp;for a Hero 'Wild West Warrior'</li><li>ONE Video for a Hero&nbsp;'Royal Defender'</li><li>ONE Image for a Hero 'Royal Defender'</li></ol><ul><li>Open the image related to the hero 'Wild West Warrior' and change the TITLE and GENERATE PERMANENT URL. Save the changes.</li><li>Open the video related to the hero&nbsp;'Royal Defender' and replace the video with the image provided for the hero 'Royal Defender' using the Replace button. Make sure to upload the image in the same folder.</li></ul>Bingo! You have completed this&nbsp;exercise successfully. Go ahead to submit the output&nbsp;of your practice.

Assets Exercise

An entry is an actual piece of content that you want to publish. You can only create entries with existing content types.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575873/original/d334c764-4a91-4792-b1b2-250528907abf-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.52.10_AM.png" width="100"/>Once an entry is created(saved), a new version is generated. We will take a look at the versioning in the upcoming episodes.<h1>Video: Entries</h1>The following video&nbsp;provides an overview of Entries in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/XhKsfeWl-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="06 - Entries" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Exercise 4&nbsp;Video</h1>Follow along with the video to practice using Entries and Content Types.<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/68RuzSsLX6c" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0"></iframe><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you have created a content type, ‘Blog Page,’ you can create a new entry for this content type.</li></ul>The number of entries that can be created depends on the content type you have made. If the type is ‘Single’ for a content type, you can only create a single entry. You can create multiple entries if the type is ‘Multiple’ for a content type.Once an entry has been created, you can find the basic information/metadata about that entry on the right sidebar.The metadata includes information such as the following:<ul><li>Entry ID&nbsp;- Defines the unique ID for an entry.</li><li>Content Type ID&nbsp;- Defines the unique Content Type ID for an entry.</li><li>Created By&nbsp;- Defines the name of the user who created the entry.</li><li>Created At&nbsp;- Defines the date and time when the entry is made.</li><li>Modified By&nbsp;-&nbsp;Defines the name of the user who modified the entry.</li><li>Modified At&nbsp;- Defines the date and time when&nbsp;the entry is modified.</li></ul>Apart from these, you can learn about ‘In which Content Type this entry is referenced’ and its ‘Localization Status.’ We will be looking at metadata in the video walkthrough below.You can perform the following actions on entries:<ul><li>Create and Update entries.</li><li>Delete entries permanently from your stack.</li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/publish-an-entry/">Publish entries</a> to a specific environment(s) and locale(s).</li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/unpublish-an-entry/">Unpublish entries</a> from the particular environment(s) and locale(s).</li><li>Locate entries easily using search and labels.</li></ul>Entry Comments:Contentstack’s ‘<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-entry-comments/">Comments</a>’ feature allows you to add comments to fields in the entry editor and collaborate with other Contentstack users across the content creation and review processes. You can add a comment or mention other users using the “@” character.Entry Tags:&nbsp;Contentstack provides a ‘<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/how-to-guides/reference-field-vs-select-field-vs-tags-field/#tags">Tag Field</a>’ default entry field. Whenever you create a new entry, you can add tags to that entry. The applied tags are visible on the entry list page. It is best to use tags if you plan to search entries using Contentstack’s Advanced Search. This is not recommended if you wish to retrieve entries (by filtering) using APIs.Quick Tips:<ul><li>While the max query limit is 100 for the Reference field.</li><li>You can Tag up to 50 tags per Entry.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-entries/">About Entries</a></div></li></ul>

Entries

<h2>Hello folks!&nbsp;</h2><ul><li>Create new&nbsp;ENTRIES for the 'Character' Content Type&nbsp;with the following heroes.</li></ul><ol><li>Royal Defender</li><li>Wild West Warrior</li></ol><ul><li>In the above entries, add appropriate content like Name, Description, Powers, etc.&nbsp;(Make sure you fill all the fields)</li><li>ADD the appropriate ASSETS that you uploaded in&nbsp;Assignment 1.</li><li>SAVE the entries.</li><li>Navigate to the&nbsp;'Composable Heroes'&nbsp;entry (Super Hero Gallery Page Content Type).</li><li>In the Character field, click Choose Existing Entry&nbsp;and select&nbsp;the character entries 'Royal Defender' and 'Wild West Warrior' to reference them.</li><li>Click add selected references.</li><li>SAVE the entry.</li><li>Navigate to the&nbsp;'Composable Heroes Landing Page'&nbsp;entry (Super Hero Landing Page Content Type). &nbsp;</li><li>Add the&nbsp;modular block named 'Hero Banner' and fill in the details.</li><li>SAVE the entry.</li></ul>Bingo! You have completed the exercise successfully.&nbsp;Go ahead to submit the output of your practice.

Entries Exercise

Contentstack allows users to create multiple entry and asset versions of the content.<h1>Video: Versioning</h1>The following video provides an overview of how versioning works in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/YnZtuFYE-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="08 - Versioning" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Entry Versioning:<ul><li>It helps users to view, manage, and compare the content of the required versions.</li><li>By default, entry versions are identified with numbers. For each new version created (upon entry save), the version is incremented &nbsp;(e.g., Version 1, Version 2, and so on).</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575880/original/ca83a76b-d7d7-4e2b-8673-6925acfab959-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.00.08_PM.png" width="100"/>Asset Versioning:<ul><li>When you update an asset by changing the file, title, description, or tags, Contentstack creates a new asset version. This allows you to view the asset's previously saved/published versions, get the publishing details (who published it, when, and where), consider the older version, and restore the earlier version if required.</li><li>By default, asset versions are identified with numbers (e.g., Version 1, Version 2).</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575881/original/d6f85b5a-fb55-4964-9a05-3278bf645ba8-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_11.59.53_AM.png" width="100"/>For easy identification, you can re-assign/rename a version name (e.g., Christmas Sale, Production Ready, Do Not Edit) to an entry/asset version.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Versioning is a great feature to keep track of all content update history and is helpful for editors to hassle-free roll back to previous versions.</li><li>Users can assign proper names to each version, according to their choice, for easy identification.
 Example: You can set ‘Friday Sale’ as a version name for entry with Content of Promotion which could be scheduled for a specific duration and can be rollback to the previous version.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/understanding-entry-versions/">About Entry Versions</a></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-asset-versioning/">About Asset Versions</a></div></li></ul>

Versioning

Contentstack has a sophisticated, multilingual content capability. It allows you to create and publish entries in any language. When creating entries in other languages, they inherit data initially from the fallback language until they are localized.Contentstack comes with over <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/multilingual-content/list-of-supported-languages/">200 pre-configured locales</a> and their respective language codes. Further locales can be added through the Contentstack interface.Every Stack has a master language as default while creating the Stack. And once we add languages to our Stack, localization can be added to an entry.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575876/original/c3cfe553-1b76-4202-878c-d923367e2f4c-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.02.51_PM.png" width="100"/><div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/MdoxfEpV-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="09 - Localization" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Video: Localization in Contentstack</h1>The following video&nbsp;provides an overview of&nbsp;how to work with localization in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/MdoxfEpV-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="09 - Localization" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Consider a stack whose Master or Default language is English(United States). We can add multiple other languages to the stack, such as French(France), French(Belgium), Spanish(Spain), Spanish(Mexico), etc.&nbsp;While adding a new language, you should select its fallback language.Take a look at the diagrams below to better understand how languages and fallback languages work in Contentstack:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575877/original/e251abb5-335e-4142-a8c8-323f81dba2e7-Screenshot_2023-04-06_at_3.51.21_PM.png" width="100"/>Fallback language:A fallback language is the parent language from which a given language inherits data. It need not necessarily be the Master or Default language.
 Example:&nbsp;In the diagram below, English(United States) is a fallback language of French(France), and French(France) is a fallback language of French(Belgium). Suppose an entry is created in English(United States). When you try to switch this entry to French(France), and it is unlocalized, it will fetch the entry content from English(United States). Similarly, when you switch this entry to French(Belgium), and it is unlocalized, it will fetch the entry content from French(France), which is subsequently brought from English(United States).Localization:Consider a scenario where a ‘Blog Webpage’ wants to fetch published content from the English(United States) language. The content is brought from the ‘Blog Entry’ English(United States). Now, consider another scenario where the ‘Blog Webpage’ wants to fetch published content from the French(France) language, but the entry has not yet been localized for the French(France). In this case, the content is fetched from its fallback language, i.e., English(United States). Also, it will serve the same version of entry as that of English(United States).<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575878/original/1492763c-be61-41e7-90ab-0648b9854d41-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_4.06.29_PM.png" width="100"/>Now, consider another scenario where the ‘Blog Webpage’ wants to fetch published content from the French(France) language, and the entry has been localized for the French(France). In this case, the content is fetched from French(France), and it will cease to bring entry from its fallback language, i.e., English(United States). Also, it will create a new version for that entry.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575879/original/58d17717-53f5-47f1-b3cc-8057f721aa0b-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_4.20.47_PM.png" width="100"/>
 Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Localization is a great feature to solve a use case where we need multiple copies of the same content in different languages and countries.</li><li>Using the Custom Locale feature, you can achieve some use cases where you want to copy content for a specific country irrespective of language.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>Contentstack&nbsp;allows one level of data inheritance for fallback languages and limits from&nbsp;adding a fallback language (other than the master language) for the language that is already set as a fallback for another language.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/multilingual-content/about-localization/">About Localization</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/multilingual-content/about-fallback-languages/">About Fallback Languages</a></div></li></ul>

Localization

<h3>Publishing Power</h3>"A Knowledge Assimilated without Application is of no Use"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;The Technomancer (Wisdom weaver from Composable Heroes)Understanding the significance of serving content from Contentstack to the website is crucial. Just as Technomancer carefully chooses the perfect commander for each role, he has assembled a team of Content Managers led by Royal Sanctuary. Together, they are eager to delve into the world of previewing and serving content, seeking to expand their knowledge in this realm.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575814/original/51009665-c79d-42a8-b331-f83020cefe15-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_2.04.58_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575815/original/7800472c-eb10-406d-bcdb-ad0322848bde-Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_1.49.43_PM.png" width="100"/> The team requires assistance in:<ul><li>Previewing content changes before they are served on the website</li><li>Managing multiple content types&nbsp;at the same time</li><li>Removing content from the website as needed</li></ul>The Technomancer can foresee&nbsp;that it's time to make the content available to the general public.In this episode, you'll learn how to publish, unpublish and track the same for content.<h1>What are Environments?</h1>A publishing environment refers to one or more deployment servers or a content delivery destination (webpage address) where you will publish your content (entries or assets).An environment allows users to publish their content on the destination URL. After you create an entry, you will publish it on an environment.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575882/original/65f39d59-4066-4433-8ab6-b331740e148a-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.07.06_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575883/original/c7470feb-b6eb-4c34-a78e-c0cc69a8678b-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.07.24_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>In a real-world scenario, Developers may publish their content to the ‘Development’ environment to test their changes before handing it over to the QA team. The QA team can test the content on a separate ‘QA’ environment. A client can try the same on their own ‘UAT(User Acceptance Testing)’ environment before publishing it onto the Production environment.Each environment may serve the same or different versions of content.The most common publishing environments used are development, staging, and production.The diagram below provides an example:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575884/original/bfaab628-646a-4896-8eb4-c918e47ed73d-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_4.52.28_PM.png" width="100"/>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>By setting up Testing, Staging, and Production environments, content changes can go through multiple checkpoints before its released&nbsp;to production to mitigate any breaking changes.</li><li>Environments help segregate&nbsp;content for platforms or devices(Mobile/Desktop).</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-environments/about-environments/">About Environments</a></div></li></ul>

Environments

Live Preview allows content managers to preview content without publishing it to an environment or saving the changes made. The content changes you make reflect in the preview pane in real-time.You can also preview your content changes across multiple channels, such as mobiles, tablets, and desktops. This flexibility allows you to ensure website content looks precisely how you intended and thus helps achieve omnichannel content delivery.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575885/original/38d93834-57f9-4ba1-8df7-53e58eb17e94-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.09.52_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: Contentstack's Live Preview</h1>The following video&nbsp;demonstrates the Live Preview feature.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/47pShahE-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="17 - Live Preview" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Content managers always preview their content before deploying it on production. With the Live Preview feature, you can edit your content and view the changes you make in real-time without saving or publishing to a live website.To do this, perform the following steps:<ul><li>Once the developer has configured Live Preview for your stack, you can preview entry content across all entries of your stack. Click on the Live Preview icon in the right sidebar of the entry editor page to open the preview window for your entry.</li><li>While hovering over blocks in the preview pane, you will see an Edit button. If you need to edit any block, click on this edit button to be redirected to the corresponding field on your entry page.</li><li>If a block of content is referenced from another entry, when you click the Edit button, you will be redirected to the corresponding field within the specific entry. Make changes to the field and watch them reflect in the preview pane in real-time.</li><li>Once you know the changes, you can publish your content to the production site.</li></ul>We will be looking into publishing in the upcoming episodes.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Live Preview is an excellent feature for editors to preview content changes hassle-free and quickly while editing any field content in a side-by-side panel without saving and publishing to reduce overall time to audit changes.</li><li>Live Preview also allows some amount of device specific previews like Desktop and Mobile view.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>Live Preview feature can be configured&nbsp;for websites build with&nbsp;Contentstack's REST APIs integration and does not work for websites that use a third-party website builder or CMS to generate HTML.</li><li>Currently Live Preview&nbsp;not compatible with native mobile applications and the preview&nbsp;websites must be hosted over HTTPS.</li><li>You can configure&nbsp;tight User Access and Roles around Live Preview to decide what user role have permission to a specific environment or language in which the entry has been published to access to Live Preview.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-live-preview/">About Live Preview</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/live-preview-real-world-scenarios/">Live Preview Scenarios</a></div></li></ul>

Live Preview

Once you create an entry/asset and have environments in place, you can publish to them. By publishing, you get the content served in that particular environment.<h1>Video: Publishing Content in Contentstack</h1>The following video&nbsp;demonstrates how to publish content in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/pLd6IcJj-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="10 - Publishing" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you have a ‘Blog entry’ that you want to display on your website, you will need to publish it to make it available on your website. Once you publish it on a particular environment like ‘development,’ you can fetch that entry using the API on your website.</li></ul>While publishing, the following options will appear:<ul><li>The environment - You can select the environment(s) to which you want to publish the entry.</li><li>The language - You can select which language to publish the entry.</li><li>The time of publishing(Now/Later) - You can choose the time to publish the entry. If you choose ‘Now’ and proceed, the entry will be published immediately. If you choose ‘Later,’ you will be asked to select the date and time. Once you set the date and time and proceed, the entry will get published on the specific date and time.</li><li>With or without the references attached to the entry - When you complete selecting the above options, you will be prompted to ask to proceed with ‘With References’ or ‘Without References.’ Suppose your entry consists of any referenced entries and assets. In that case, you can select ‘With References,’ which will publish the main parent entry and its references and assets. However, you can choose and select ‘Without References,’ which will only publish the main parent entry.</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575886/original/3ef0c8db-9a21-4ed7-b0af-acc2d594ae2d-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.17.21_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575887/original/43c3a113-a4a4-41b7-b92d-8100850ce578-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.12.25_PM.png" width="100"/>Similarly, you can Unpublish the published entries and assets using the ‘Unpublish’ option in an entry and asset. When you unpublish the content, it will cease to serve the content on your website for that particular environment and language.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Publishing is a feature to make content available for&nbsp;the presentation layers to specific environments or languages.</li><li>To schedule publishing and unpublishing of content for a timed Business need, like a holiday promotion banner or&nbsp;a new product launch notice where you need a certain content on the website for a specific duration.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/publish-content/">About Publishing Content</a></div></li></ul>

Publishing

When the Content Manager publishes an entry and asset, the system puts the action into a publish queue.Publish/unpublish activities in this queue are performed one at a time, almost at high speed. This eliminates waiting for an entry to be published before moving on to the next item. You can keep publishing items and let the system manage the queue.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575888/original/57258ff5-b803-4072-9909-9d140c0d5736-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.19.46_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: The Publishing Queue</h1>The following video&nbsp;provides an overview of&nbsp;the publishing queue.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/LmSs8X5n-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="11 - Publish Queue" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you publish an entry for a Blog post/article, the entry and all its referenced entries and assets are sent for publishing, which can be tracked in the Publish Queue.</li></ul>Whenever you publish an entry or an asset, Contentstack attaches a publish status icon to the corresponding publishing environment for that item on the entries list page. This publish status icon either appears as an ‘i’ icon or a ‘clock’ icon.The ‘i’ icon either appears in green or orange color.Each color indicates specific information about the publishing status of the entry or asset in that particular environment.Let’s understand what the different colors of the publish status icon (i) stand for:<ul><li>Green - Indicates that the latest version of the entry has been published to the specified environment.</li><li>Orange - Indicates that an older version of the entry has been published to the specified environment.</li><li>The ‘clock’ icon appears&nbsp;gray and indicates that an entry has been scheduled for publishing later.</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575889/original/d6adc9ea-7be7-4ed6-b037-1607ba04f24b-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.21.32_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/publish-content/view-publish-status-of-entries-assets-in-publish-queue/">About Publish Queue</a></div></li></ul>

Publish Queue

You can define a ‘Release’ as a set of entries and assets that must be deployed (published or unpublished) simultaneously to a particular environment.This is useful, particularly at the time of an event or announcement, or product update.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575890/original/9b0cd042-d663-45af-b1f6-38352c048828-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.24.38_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: Releases in Contentstack</h1>The following video&nbsp;shows how to manage releases in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/mQ3RYpaQ-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="12 - Releases" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Exercise 5 Video</h1>Follow along with the video to practice publishing in Contentstack.<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WjG-XKgtJe8" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0"></iframe><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>If you have a product launch, press release, or sales promotion and you have to publish multiple entries/assets at one go without consuming more time, you can create a ‘Release,’ add those entries/assets to the release, and ‘Deploy’ it at the specified time that you need.</li><li>You can even schedule the release action(publish/unpublish).</li></ul>You can create a new ‘Release’ from the release page by clicking on the left sidebar, ‘Release Icon.’ Once the release is created, you can add the entry and assets from an entry page. After you open an entry, you can click on the ‘Three Dots’ at the bottom right and click ‘Add To Release’ which will prompt you with a dialog box to select the &nbsp;‘Release’ and choose to add it to the ‘Publishing’ or ‘Unpublishing’ action. You can also create a new ‘Release‘ from the dialog box by clicking on ‘Create New Release.’You can deploy the release from the release page by clicking on ‘Deploy’ and selecting the environments and time to deploy.Contentstack also allows you to update items (assets and entries) in a release to their latest versions. This feature helps you publish up-to-date content whenever you deploy the release to an environment. You can collectively update all items in the release to their latest versions and choose not to update any particular item individually.You cannot update the release items under the following scenarios:<ul><li>If the release is locked(A release gets locked when you deploy it at least once).</li><li>If the updated version of an entry has new references, the references are not automatically added to the release. You need to add them manually.</li><li>If the latest version of an entry is in the in-progress state, you cannot update the entry.</li></ul><h3>Best Practices To Use</h3><ul><li>Always use this to address events that need to do the bulk publish/unpublish activity.</li></ul>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Always use this to address events that need to do the bulk publish/unpublish activity like&nbsp;bulk publish content for specific promotions where all editor's teams add and review entries to a release before publishing.</li><li>Promotions are a good use case where we can create a release of entries and assets and set promotion content for a specific duration using scheduled publishing and unpublishing release items.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>The Release title can be up to 50 character&nbsp;long.</li><li>The maximum number of items that can be added to a Release is 500 and in a single instance via API, is 25.</li><li>The 'Update release items to their latest versions'&nbsp;this option does not automatically update new references and needs to be done manually and don't update the release entries with the latest in-progress version.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/create-and-manage-releases/about-releases/">About Releases</a></div></li></ul>

Releases

<h2>Managing Processes</h2>The Lightning Excavator is concerned about the content available for&nbsp;all Composable Heroes. Initially, he had assigned a few users to the Stack, but it appears that more users will be required as more content is created.The next challenge is ensuring all users adhere to a streamlined content delivery process. Royal Sanctuary will lead this operation. It's time for you to delve into Contentstack's&nbsp;management capabilities to provide solid content organization.Goals that must be attained:<ul><li>Add new users to the account.</li><li>Create an order of steps to manage the content delivery process.</li><li>Examine the content and make suggestions for improvements.</li></ul>The entire Composable Heroes team is eager to harness this power.In this episode, you'll learn how to add and manage users and user roles, content workflow, and other content management tools.<h1>What are User and User Roles?</h1>All accounts registered with Contentstack are known as Users. A stack can have many users with varying permissions and roles. Users with the required permissions can invite others to collaborate on a stack.User Roles prescribe what information the Authorized User can access, use, and disclose within the Contentstack.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575891/original/9f97cafa-05c6-4705-b45f-7affdb6107d1-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.58.50_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575892/original/ec74686d-922b-4f45-8da7-c51f9813082a-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_12.58.56_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: Users, Roles and Permissions in Contentstack</h1>The following video&nbsp;shows&nbsp;how to add users and&nbsp;roles, and how to manage permissions in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/pOaHUNPa-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="13 - Users And Custom Roles" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Contentstack provides four user roles out of the box, namely:<ul><li>Owner&nbsp;-&nbsp;Each stack can have only one Owner. Creating a stack in Contentstack makes you the Owner of the stack.</li><li>Admin&nbsp;-&nbsp;The Admin role has more rights than a Developer and fewer than the Owner.</li><li>Developer&nbsp;-&nbsp;A Developer&nbsp;is a person who creates the site's structure or defines the way content will appear on the site.</li><li>Content Manager -&nbsp;A Content Manager&nbsp;is a user who works with/on the content of a stack.</li><li>Custom Role -&nbsp;In addition to the predefined system roles,&nbsp;you can add custom roles by defining specific permissions and assigning these roles to the users of a stack. You have fine-grained control over permissions. You can set permissions at the entry, field, and asset levels.
 Examples:</li></ul><ol><li>The&nbsp;'Content Writer' role can WRITE only entries of a content type.</li><li>The 'SEO Expert' role can EDIT only the SEO fields for entries of a content type.</li><li>The 'Content Publisher' role can READ and PUBLISH only entries of a content type.</li></ol>The diagrams below depict the User Role Privileges:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575893/original/59a724b2-87f8-4702-a703-74cb1ec28d50-Screenshot_2023-04-06_at_1.00.42_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575894/original/9d744d74-529d-4556-865f-48d9abbb3786-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_5.44.38_PM.png" width="100"/><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575895/original/28fbdf5e-bfcb-4887-8954-ea8ff4e60514-Screenshot_2023-04-03_at_5.48.59_PM.png" width="100"/>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>User Roles are essential to set up accessibility across the stack based on usage and user tasks. Content Editors need access to entry but not content modeling.</li><li>Custom roles can be used to set up:</li></ul><ol><li>Entry-level Permissions -&nbsp;All permissions to the “Products” content type entries.</li><li>Field-level permissions -&nbsp;CANNOT EDIT the Description field of the Products entry.</li><li>Asset-level permissions -&nbsp;Specific permissions on specific assets or assets folders.</li><li>Language-level permissions -&nbsp;Translation role to perform translation activity to a specific language with certain permissions.</li><li>Environment</li></ol>Quick Tips:<ul><li>The default maximum number of users that can be added in an organization is 1000.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/invite-users-and-assign-roles/about-stack-users/">About Stack Users</a></div></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/invite-users-and-assign-roles/types-of-roles/">Different Types of Roles</a></div></li></ul>

Understanding the Management Tools

A workflow lets you define your team's content creation and review process. This enables users to maintain a systematic approach to reviewing and approving content.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575896/original/60e1a46a-d9cd-4599-86bc-9aa5f24830b4-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.01.36_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>Let's understand this using the below diagram:<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575897/original/554f560d-1158-460c-8e37-6bffd050b860-Screenshot_2023-04-04_at_12.44.05_PM.png" width="100"/>The core part of creating a workflow is defining the stages of content creation. Once you have added these stages and enabled the workflow, the stages will be visible on every entry page of the corresponding content types of the stack. Workflows let content managers know the current content stage and allow them to control the stages of an entry.We first need to understand a simple use case or scenario to create the stages.The Scenario:We need to create, review, and publish Blog posts/articles to ensure that the whole process happens smoothly without any intervention from users.To accomplish this, we can create custom roles like:<ul><li>Content Writer - Will only be able to create and update the entry of Blog posts/articles.</li><li>Content Reviewer - Will only review the content.</li><li>Content Publisher - Will only publish the content.</li></ul>Based on these roles, the order of steps in the workflow should be as follows:<ul><li>Step 1 - The 'Content Writer' creates a draft of the content(creates entry). The 'Content Writer' then assigns it to the 'Content Reviewer' for review.</li><li>Step 2 - If the 'Content Reviewer' approves of the quality, they should be able to assign it to the 'Content Publisher' for publishing.</li><li>Step 3 - The 'Content Publisher' publishes the content.</li></ul>If the content is unsatisfactory, the 'Content Reviewer' should be able to assign it back to the 'Content Writer' for changes. The 'Content Writer' will make the required changes and again assign it to the 'Content Reviewer' for approval.The Stages:Based on the above steps, we can define the stages for the workflow in Contentstack as follows:<ul><li>Draft Stage - This is the stage where Step 1 will be executed. The 'Content Writer' can then update the stage to 'Review.'</li><li>Review Stage - This is the stage where Step 2 will be executed. The 'Content Reviewer' can then update the stage to 'Publish.'</li><li>Publish Stage - This is the stage where Step 3 will be executed.</li></ul>The number of stages and the users/user roles may vary depending on the use case. For more control, you can also configure options to restrict user roles from switching between stages.While changing the stages, the respective users/user roles can do the following activities:<ul><li>Switch to any of the available roles.</li><li>Set the Due date for the task(the task the user/user role must perform at the particular stage.&nbsp;Example:&nbsp;Review the Content).</li><li>Assign the task to the users/user roles.</li><li>Notify via email(When enabled, the information about the task is sent via email to the assigned users/user roles)</li><li>Comments(To add any specific comments for the assigned users/user roles)</li></ul><img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575898/original/bc6ebe14-a6f6-4713-9b25-cdf30cdc9730-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.05.24_PM.png" width="100"/>Additionally, workflow <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-workflows-and-publish-rules/about-workflow-tasks/">tasks</a> l allow you to track pending tasks assigned to users. We will review this in the next episode.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>In a typical media company's content creation and publishing process where we need all entries should go through multiple teams like Draft, Translation, SEO, and Review stages to add all necessary checks to verify before it gets published to production.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>You can configure 10 workflows per Stack by default.</li><li>While a minimum of 2 stages are required per workflow, the maximum number of stages a workflow can have is 20.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-workflows-and-publish-rules/about-workflows/">About Workflows</a></li><li><div><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-workflows-and-publish-rules/about-workflow-stages/">Workflow Stages</a></div></li></ul>

Workflows

Tasks or The Workflow Tasks page is a collection of all your pending tasks. Whenever someone assigns you to work on a workflow stage on an entry or if someone sends you an entry for publishing or unpublishing approval, it is added to your Tasks page. Each stack has a separate Tasks section.This enables you to get an overview of the approval requests specific to the content of your stack.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575899/original/66a4e09d-f08b-495c-b9f8-11cc0c239abd-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.10.03_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Video: Workflows &amp; Tasks in Contentstack</h1>The following video describes how workflow tasks are assigned and how to access them in Contentstack.<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/6B4sZrUM-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="14 - Workflows And Tasks" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>When The ‘Content Writer’ creates a draft of the content(creates an entry) and assigns it to the ‘Content Reviewer’ for review, the ‘Content Reviewer’ gets notified about this task in the left sidebar option under the &nbsp;‘Tasks’ icon.</li></ul>Key points to remember:<ul><li>Stack owners and administrators can view all the tasks assigned to different users.</li><li>Content managers and other custom roles with limited privileges cannot view the entire task list.</li><li>They can only view their tasks list. The docs link can include steps for getting to the Tasks section.</li></ul>Potential Use Case:<ul><li>If someone has assigned you to work on a workflow stage of an entry, this task will remain in your Tasks section until you work on the stage and assign it to some other user. This task section helps users to keep track of all assigned tasks with due dates and filters.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-workflows-and-publish-rules/about-workflow-tasks/">About Workflow Tasks</a></li></ul>

Tasks

Publish Rules are conditions that you define for your content publishing. They allow you to govern whether entries can be published with or without someone’s approval, or only when the content is at a particular stage.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575900/original/3e94f0fd-9666-4a26-81fa-e694b99fe25b-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.11.57_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Exercise Video</h1>Follow along with the video to practice governance, workflows, and permissions.<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KXLMEKLPWrQ" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0"></iframe><h1>Understanding with an example</h1><ul><li>You can define a publishing rule in which every entry first needs to be approved by a particular user, such as John Smith. Unless John Smith approves it, the entry cannot be published. Alternatively, if you define that the Stage should be Complete to be published, the entry will not be published unless the Complete Stage is reached.</li></ul>Only the stack owner, the administrator, or the developer can define the Publish Rules.Publish Rules are made up of two parts:<ul><li>Parameters - &nbsp;For every publish rule, you need to define the following parameters:</li></ul><ol><li>Environment - The environment for which the publish rule will be applicable.</li><li>Content type - The content type to which the publish rule will be applied.</li><li>Action - Whether the publishing rule is for publish or unpublish (or both) action.</li><li>Language - The language for which the rule is applicable.</li></ol>Once you define the parameters, define a condition.<ul><li>Conditions - You can use either or both of the following conditions for your publishing rule.</li></ul><ol><li>Approver - Use this condition if you want to add an approver to all the entries that are being published or unpublished. Add the user(s)/role(s) who should be authorized to approve the publishing or unpublishing of an entry.
 Example:&nbsp;If you assign 'John Smith' as the Approver, every entry sent for publishing or unpublishing (and meets the required parameters) will go to John Smith for approval. The entry cannot be published or unpublished unless John approves it. And, if you assign a role, let's say 'Content Approver,' as the Approver, every entry sent for publishing or unpublishing and meets the required parameters will go to every user assigned this role for approval. The entry cannot be published or unpublished unless any user assigned the 'Content Approver' role approves it.</li><li>Stage - Use this condition to allow the publishing or unpublishing of an entry only if it has reached a particular workflow stage. When this condition is defined, an entry cannot be published or unpublished unless it comes to the defined Stage while creating content.
 Example:&nbsp;If you have selected 'Complete' here, an entry (that matches the parameters defined above) cannot be published unless it reaches the Complete Stage.</li></ol>Key points to remember:<ul><li>Setting up publish rules is optional.</li><li>You must choose at least one condition (Approver(s) or Stage) for a publishing rule. You can select both if required, but at least one is mandatory.</li><li>A publishing rule with Approver (s) as the condition can work independently of workflows. This means you can add one or more publish rules (with Approver (s) under conditions) even if you have not added any workflows for your stack.</li></ul>However, you will need at least one workflow to use the Stage condition for your publishing rule. Once a rule is in place, whenever a content manager attempts to publish or unpublish an entry on the specified environment, Contentstack will either send the entry for approval (if approvers are added as a condition) or check if the entry has reached the specified Stage (if the Stage is added as a condition). It will then return the response accordingly.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Publish Rules are helpful to set up specific rules for any entry to be published in a particular environment or language with appropriate approvals.</li><li>You can setup a Publish Rule that no entry is allowed to be published on production till it does not reach an approved stage in the workflow.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-workflows-and-publish-rules/about-publish-rules/">About Publish Rules</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/set-up-workflows-and-publish-rules/about-publish-rule-components/">About Publish Rule Components</a></li></ul>

Publish Rules

Contentstack provides features to comment on the entry fields and start discussions.The ‘Comments’ feature allows you to add comments to fields in the entry editor and collaborate with other Contentstack users across the content creation and review processes. You can add a comment or mention other users using the “@” character to start a discussion.The ‘Discussion’ feature is a conversation you can have with other users of Contentstack over the content of a particular field.<img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575902/original/943cc14b-2b08-45a1-9c25-1415dfe8f831-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.17.53_PM.png" width="100"/> <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575903/original/7e484ce3-8e37-44f9-8a5b-5fe1adea4a7c-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.18.03_PM.png" width="100"/> <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/575904/original/8e5960c5-ff87-452b-bb48-e679d1d7cbb4-Screenshot_2023-05-03_at_1.18.23_PM.png" width="100"/><h1>Understanding with an example</h1>You start a discussion when you add your first comment to a field in an entry. A discussion can consist of multiple comments. Each localized version of an entry can have multiple discussions running simultaneously. However, you cannot have discussions for unlocalized or older entry versions. You can view all the discussions that have taken place over the fields of an entry, whether active or resolved, under the Discussions section on the right sidebar.To manage the discussions, you can perform the following actions:<ul><li>Resolve a Discussion - When a discussion has served its purpose, you can resolve it, which marks it as done.</li><li>Reopen a Discussion - You can always reopen a resolved or deleted discussion from the Discussions tab in the right sidebar if you would like to continue the discussion.</li><li>Relink a Discussion - Some discussions are unlinked from their fields due to recent changes to the content type or the entry. This usually happens under the following scenarios:</li></ul><ol><li>Mark fields as multiple and vice versa - Fields such as “Group,” “Modular Blocks,” or “Global” are constituted by grouping various fields. You can create discussions for each of their subfields. However, when you mark the parent field as “Multiple,” the discussion fails to recognize which subfield it was linked to. The same occurs when you revert a parent field set as “Multiple” to “Single.”</li><li>Metadata not provided via API(For Developers) - You must pass the _metadata parameter in the API request to identify each instance of a field marked as “Multiple.” When you do not pass the _metadata parameter, the discussion fails to recognize the field instance it was linked to.

 When a discussion is unlinked from a field, it moves to the ‘Active’ section in the right sidebar. The discussion continues to appear in the Unlinked state.</li></ol><ul><li>View Discussions Timeline - Under the Timeline section, you can view all the discussions that have taken place over the fields of an entry, whether active or resolved.</li></ul>Apart from this, Contentstack also provides the ‘Comments’ feature for the JSON RTE. It allows you to add comments within the JSON Rich Text Editor. This feature helps you to collaborate with other Contentstack users across the content creation and review processes efficiently. You can tag/mention other users or roles using the “@” character within your comments. You can edit, resolve, view, and delete comments like that in other entry fields.Potential Use Case:<ul><li>Comments and Discussion is a powerful feature for editors to collaborate with Entry fields and, during the review process, to share review pointers for specific field content and tag User or User Roles so that they get notified via emails and easy navigation to commented Entry field.</li></ul>Quick Tips:<ul><li>While each field allows only one active discussion, but the JSON Rich Text Editor allows multiple active discussions.</li><li>One active discussion can be associated with each selected content block, text, and image within the JSON RTE.</li><li>The maximum number of active discussions allowed per entry, per locale, is 100 and 1000 comments per discussion.</li><li>The maximum message length allowed for each comment is 500 characters and 20 users/roles in a single comment..</li><li>While&nbsp;discussions or comments do not get export while exporting the entries; we&nbsp;cannot view comments for unlocalized or older entry versions.</li><li>You can only add comments to the subfields of ‘Group’ and ‘Global Fields,’ not the parent field as a whole. Similarly, you can only add comments to the fields inside each block of a “Modular Blocks” field, not to the parent field as a whole.</li></ul><h1>Further Reading</h1><ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-entry-comments/">About Entry Comments</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/content-managers/author-content/about-discussions/">About Discussions</a></li></ul>

Comments and Discussions

Thank you for completing the End User Training course and taking your first step to be a Composable Hero.Through this course, you have learned the fundamentals of working with Contentstack. You should now be able to effectively navigate the Contentstack UI, manage and create content, comprehend how to publish, understand how to utilize permissions and workflows, make use&nbsp;of the advanced search, and have a foundational grasp of some&nbsp;additional features. Before you leave, please ensure to fill out the end-of-course survey in the next module. Your feedback is crucial to improving our learning experience for our users.

EUT Summary

Welcome, brave and ambitious learners, to the End User Training course! You have taken the first step towards unleashing your inner Composable Hero and becoming a master of the Contentstack platform.With the power of MACH, you will learn how to develop and manage content&nbsp;that is not bound by the constraints of traditional systems. Instead, you will be able to create dynamic, headless websites that offer exceptional flexibility and versatility. By mastering the fundamentals, you will be equipped with the tools to rescue businesses from outdated and cumbersome systems and guide them toward a brighter future of agility and innovation.&nbsp;First, you must&nbsp;embark on a crucial mission to help the Composable Heroes team spread the powerful message of MACH to people across the globe. Your challenge is to learn and&nbsp;harness the powers&nbsp;within Contentstack&nbsp;so that you can transform&nbsp;the way content is managed and lead your team&nbsp;to success. Are you ready to accept this challenge and join the ranks of the Composable Heroes? Let the journey begin!You can also install a training instance by visiting our Legacy Academy. Click the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/academy-old">Create Training Instance</a>&nbsp;button on the home page.

Contentstack End User Training (EUT)

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About Personalize

Creating a Personalize Project and Experiences

Working with Attributes

Creating Audiences

Creating Events for A/B Tests

Adding Audiences to Experiences

Working with Entry Variants

A/B Testing and Audience Impersonation

In the&nbsp;Personalize Foundations&nbsp;course, you will explore the essentials of delivering tailored content to your audience through Contentstack's personalization features. The course covers the challenges of personalization, such as scalability and complexity, and presents a solution that balances simplicity and flexibility. You'll learn how to set up projects, configure segmented experiences, run A/B tests, and leverage attributes and audiences to deliver the right message at the right time. With practical guidance on creating dynamic user experiences, this course aims to improve engagement, conversions, and customer loyalty through effective personalization.

Learn the fundamentals of Contenstack Personalize

Personalize Foundations

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Understanding Releases

Understanding Releases in Contentstack is critical when it comes to scheduling content publishing.

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<h2>A Foundation for Organized and Efficient Content Management</h2>In this module, we begin by defining&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/content-modeling">content modeling</a>&nbsp;and its&nbsp;significant benefits. Next, we will address the pitfalls of improper modeling and guide you through the necessary steps to ensure a sound content model to&nbsp;avoid&nbsp;common mistakes. Additionally, we will provide an overview of the core components involved in content creation;&nbsp;content types, assets, and entries.&nbsp; We close with a brief example of how to analyze your site or&nbsp;wireframe for effective modeling. By understanding the key concepts, following best practices, and implementing a well-structured content model, you can optimize your content management process and deliver a seamless user experience.<h2>What Is Content Modeling?</h2>Content modeling means defining the structure and organization of your content at&nbsp;a granular level.&nbsp;It involves identifying content types, their fields, and their relationships to create an optimized and reusable framework for managing and presenting content.&nbsp;If you have experience in database design, content modeling bears similarities. The goal of content modeling is to construct content types and structures that facilitate reuse, accommodate multiple channels, and are user-friendly for content contributors/editors. In <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs">Contentstack</a>, content modeling begins during the design stage and should be the first step in a successful project. Errors in content modeling can impact the structure of your web/app page. It is important to consult with your content team to validate the content model, review fields, and create entries using established content types. Some metadata fields may not be visible on a page, so the content team should help define them. Each section/component of your website or app should have a suitable content model that aligns with its actual content. <h2>Unlocking Success: The Vital Importance of Content Modeling for Structured, Reusable, and Efficient Content Management</h2> Content modeling is a vital aspect of successful content management. By structuring content, enabling reusability, and fostering efficient creation, it empowers content creators while enhancing user experiences. Its benefits include organized content, consistent presentation, streamlined workflows, and adaptability to future changes. Additionally, content modeling ensures seamless multichannel delivery, collaborative management, and effective SEO practices. Embracing content modeling sets a strong foundation for content governance and control, ensuring data integrity. Ultimately, content modeling is a strategic investment that propels digital content delivery to greater heights. Some of the key benefits include: <ul><li>Structured Content Organization:&nbsp;Content modeling helps organize content into structured and well-defined content types. Each content type represents a specific type of content with its own set of fields, ensuring consistency and easy categorization of content.</li><li>Reusability and Consistency:&nbsp;By defining content types and fields, content can be reused across multiple entries and pages. This reusability ensures consistent presentation and branding throughout the website or application.</li><li>Efficient Content Creation:&nbsp;Content modeling allows content editors to create content using predefined templates or blueprints. This speeds up content creation by providing a clear framework for entering content without the need to design the layout from scratch each time.</li><li>Flexibility and Scalability:&nbsp;Content modeling enables flexibility in managing different types of content, including text, images, videos, and other media. As the website or application grows, content modeling provides scalability to adapt and expand content types to meet changing needs.</li><li>Multichannel Content Delivery:&nbsp;With well-structured content, it becomes easier to deliver content to various channels and platforms, such as websites, mobile apps, voice assistants, or IoT devices. Content modeling helps separate content from presentation, making it adaptable to different channels.</li><li>Collaborative Content Management:&nbsp;Content modeling allows different teams or content contributors to work independently on their assigned content types. This division of content responsibilities facilitates collaborative content management and improves overall efficiency.</li><li>Easy Updates and Maintenance:&nbsp;When changes need to be made to the content, content modeling enables updates to be applied systematically across all relevant entries, reducing the chances of inconsistencies and errors.</li><li>SEO and Searchability:&nbsp;Well-structured content is more search engine-friendly, leading to improved SEO performance and better discoverability of content on the web.</li><li>Content Governance and Control:&nbsp;Content modeling allows content administrators to define content structures, fields, and access controls. This ensures proper content governance and maintains data integrity.</li><li>Future-Proofing:&nbsp;By modeling content in a structured manner, content remains adaptable to future changes and advancements in technology without requiring significant overhauls to the content management system.</li></ul><h2>The Perils of Improper Content Modeling: Avoiding Inconsistencies and Maximizing Efficiency</h2> Conversely, not modeling content properly can lead to several pitfalls and challenges in content management. Some of the key pitfalls include: <ul><li>Inconsistent Content:&nbsp;Without proper content modeling, there is a higher risk of inconsistent content presentation across the website or application. Inconsistent formatting, layout, and styling can create a disjointed user experience and negatively impact the brand's image.</li><li>Content Duplication:&nbsp;In the absence of structured content types, content creators may duplicate content manually across various pages or sections. This redundancy can lead to difficulties in managing updates, as changes need to be applied separately to each duplicated instance.</li><li>Data Integrity Issues:&nbsp;Improper content modeling may result in missing or incomplete data, leading to data integrity issues. This can adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of the information presented to users.</li><li>Difficult Content Updates:&nbsp;Without a well-defined content model, updating content becomes challenging. Content editors may struggle to find the right fields and sections to modify, leading to errors and inconsistencies in content updates.</li><li>Inefficient Workflow:&nbsp;Lack of content modeling can lead to inefficient content creation and approval workflows. Content contributors may face difficulties in understanding the content structure, resulting in delays and miscommunications.</li><li>Limited Reusability:&nbsp;Without structured content types, content reuse becomes limited. This means content creators may need to recreate similar content from scratch, wasting valuable time and effort.</li><li>Poor SEO Performance:&nbsp;Unstructured content can negatively impact search engine optimization (SEO) efforts. Search engines prefer well-organized content, and without proper modeling, search engines may struggle to interpret and rank the content correctly.</li><li>Scaling Challenges:&nbsp;As the website or application grows, managing unstructured content becomes more complex and difficult to scale. Scaling without proper content modeling can lead to an inconsistent user experience and management challenges.</li><li>Difficulty in Multichannel Delivery:&nbsp;Unstructured content may not be easily adaptable to different platforms and channels. This can hamper multichannel content delivery and diminish the brand's ability to reach a broader audience.</li><li>Limited Content Insights:&nbsp;Properly modeled content allows for better content analytics and insights. Without a structured content model, tracking and analyzing content performance may become limited or challenging.</li></ul> In summary, not modeling content properly can result in a host of issues, including inconsistent content, data integrity problems, inefficiencies in content workflows, and difficulties in scaling and managing content. To avoid these pitfalls, investing in content modeling is essential for a seamless and effective content management process.<h2>Is Your Content Model Sound? Steps for Effective Content Management</h2> Ensuring a sound content model is crucial for effective content management. Keep in mind that there is no single right way to build a model, but there are general best practices you can follow. Here are some steps to ensure your content model is well-structured and meets your requirements: <ul><li>Define Content Objectives:&nbsp;Clearly define the objectives of your content and understand the types of content you want to create and manage. Consider the different elements, data types, and relationships that need to be represented in your content.</li><li>Analyze Content Types:&nbsp;Identify the various types of content you will be working with (e.g., articles, products, events) and break them down into individual content types. Determine the fields and data structures needed for each content type.</li><li>Organize Content Fields:&nbsp;Group related fields together within each content type to create a cohesive and organized content model. This helps content creators understand how different pieces of information relate to each other.</li><li>Consider Content Relationships:&nbsp;Determine the relationships between different content types. For example, a blog post may be associated with an author, category, and tags. Use reference fields or modular blocks to establish these relationships.</li><li>Anticipate Future Needs:&nbsp;Design your content model to be flexible and scalable, accommodating future changes and additions. Consider potential content types or fields that may be required as your website or application grows.</li><li>Seek Feedback and Input:&nbsp;Involve content creators, editors, and stakeholders in the content modeling process. Gather feedback and input from the team to ensure the content model aligns with their needs and workflow.</li><li>Evaluate Content Solutions:&nbsp;Deciding between building or integrating an application is crucial in content modeling. While common third-party solutions like DAM or e-commerce vendors offer standardized features, bespoke functionality ensures tailored efficiency and adaptability, impacting content management's future scalability.</li><li>Test Content Creation and Management:&nbsp;Create test entries and content to ensure that the content model functions as expected. Validate that the content can be easily created, edited, and managed within the defined content types.</li><li>Address Performance and SEO:&nbsp;Consider how your content model may impact website performance and search engine optimization. Optimize your content model to ensure fast loading times and SEO-friendly content structure.</li><li>Document Your Content Model:&nbsp;Create comprehensive documentation for your content model, including content type definitions, field descriptions, and content relationships. This documentation will serve as a reference for content creators and developers.</li><li>Iterate and Refine:&nbsp;Content modeling is an iterative process. Continuously gather feedback, monitor content performance, and make adjustments to your content model as needed to improve its effectiveness.</li></ul> By following these steps and regularly reviewing your content model, you can ensure that your content is well-structured, easily manageable, and aligned with your content objectives and business goals. A sound content model sets the foundation for successful content management and helps deliver a seamless and consistent user experience.<h2>Module Summary:&nbsp;&nbsp;The Essential Importance of Content Modeling</h2> Content modeling involves defining the structure and organization of content, facilitating efficient content management and presentation. It empowers content creators, enhances user experiences, and enables multichannel delivery. Proper content modeling offers benefits such as organized content, consistent presentation, streamlined workflows, and adaptability to future changes.Improper content modeling can lead to pitfalls like inconsistent content, duplication, data integrity issues, and scalability challenges. Effective content management requires defining objectives, analyzing content types, organizing fields, considering relationships, anticipating needs, seeking feedback, testing, addressing performance and SEO, and documenting the model.Contentstack's foundational components are Content Types, Entries, and Assets, which structure content and facilitate its management and delivery. Content modeling is a strategic investment that ensures successful content governance and propels digital content delivery across platforms. Learn more:<ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/content-modeling/about-content-modeling">Content Modeling</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/content-modeling/content-modeling-best-practices">Content Modeling Best Practices</a></li></ul>

Understanding Content Modeling

Core Content Structures

Publishing Environments

Boolean, Date, File, and Number Fields

Reference Fields

Select Fields

In this lesson, we explore the advantages and scenarios of using Contentstack's <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/rich-text-editor">HTML RTE (Rich Text Editor)</a>. The HTML RTE empowers content creators with enhanced formatting options and flexibility to embed multimedia elements, creating engaging content. Its customization capabilities allow tailored content creation, while seamless code integration enables dynamic features. We also examine common pitfalls, including formatting discrepancies and security risks. To overcome challenges, we present best practices, including user training, content governance, accessibility compliance, and performance optimization. By leveraging the HTML RTE effectively, content creators and developers can craft compelling and consistent content experiences for diverse digital platforms. <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/645026/original/2c547a65-816e-42ce-8fc7-d8b81b3d15d5-html_Medium.png" width="100"/><h2>Exploring the Capabilities of Contentstack's HTML RTE</h2> From enhanced formatting options and seamless code integration to accessibility and SEO benefits, we will discover how this powerful tool elevates content creation for responsive and user-engaging experiences across various platforms. <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/645024/original/270f31cf-4307-41db-8fdc-edadfaa2b732-Screenshot_2023-08-17_at_4.10.17_PM.png" width="100"/>Contentstack's HTML RTE&nbsp;offers a range of advantages for content creators and developers:<ul><li>Enhanced Formatting: The HTML RTE enables users to apply rich formatting options like bold, italics, headings, lists, and more, enhancing content presentation.</li><li>Flexibility: With HTML, users can effortlessly embed multimedia elements, such as images, videos, and interactive components, elevating user engagement.</li><li>Customization: The HTML RTE allows for advanced customization, empowering users to create bespoke content tailored to their specific requirements.</li><li>Seamless Code Integration: Developers can easily integrate custom code snippets and scripts to add interactive elements or dynamic features to the content.</li><li>Accessibility: HTML content is generally more accessible to assistive technologies, ensuring a better experience for users with disabilities.</li><li>Responsive Design: The HTML RTE facilitates the creation of responsive content, ensuring optimal viewing across different devices and screen sizes.</li><li>SEO-Friendly: Properly structured HTML content can enhance search engine visibility, contributing to better search rankings.</li><li>Cross-Browser Compatibility: HTML content is widely supported across various web browsers, ensuring consistent performance and display.</li><li>Version Control: Contentstack's HTML RTE often includes version control features, enabling users to track changes and revert to previous versions as needed.</li><li>Future-Proofing: HTML is a standard language for the web, making it a reliable and future-proof choice for content creation.</li></ul>In conclusion, Contentstack's HTML RTE empowers users with the flexibility and functionality needed to create engaging and dynamic content for diverse digital platforms.*Note: Always be cautious when allowing custom HTML input to avoid potential security risks and ensure content consistency.<h2>Creative Applications of Contentstack's HTML RTE</h2> Let's explore the diverse applications of Contentstack's HTML RTE (Rich Text Editor). From content creation and email campaigns to landing pages, user documentation, and interactive content, we discover how this versatile tool is utilized across various scenarios for crafting visually appealing and engaging content. <img src="https://learnupon.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/645025/original/6f175aed-4080-4aca-a2b8-6b2358f0e2f8-html-rte.png" width="100"/> Some common scenarios where Contentstack's HTML RTE&nbsp; are commonly used: <ul><li>Content Creation: Authors and content creators use the HTML RTE to draft and format blog posts, articles, product descriptions, and other web content.</li><li>Email Campaigns: Marketing teams leverage the HTML RTE to design and customize email newsletters, ensuring visually appealing and engaging content.</li><li>Landing Pages: Web developers and marketers use the HTML RTE to create captivating landing pages with rich media and interactive elements.</li><li>User Documentation: Technical writers utilize the HTML RTE to create and format user guides, manuals, and documentation with images, code snippets, and more.</li><li>Knowledge Base Articles: Customer support teams use the HTML RTE to craft comprehensive and visually enhanced knowledge base articles for self-help resources.</li><li>Social Media Posts: Content marketers format and style social media posts using the HTML RTE to make them stand out and capture users' attention.</li><li>Press Releases: PR professionals use the HTML RTE to format press releases with headings, bullet points, and multimedia elements.</li><li>Web Page Content: Web developers and content creators use the HTML RTE to manage and update the content of various web pages on their websites.</li><li>Announcements and Notices: Organizations use the HTML RTE to create visually appealing announcements, event notices, and news updates for their audiences.</li><li>Interactive Content: Developers integrate custom JavaScript or other scripts using the HTML RTE to create interactive elements such as quizzes, surveys, or calculators.</li></ul>These are just a few examples of how Contentstack's HTML RTE and similar Rich Text Editors are utilized in various scenarios to create and manage content across different digital platforms.<h2>Common Challenges&nbsp;of the HTML RTE&nbsp;</h2> While using HTML RTE (Rich Text Editor) offers numerous benefits, it can also present some challenges and issues that content creators and developers need to be aware of. Observe these typical setbacks faced when using the HTML RTE: <ul><li>Content Formatting Discrepancies: Different web browsers and email clients may interpret HTML formatting differently, leading to inconsistencies in how the content appears to end-users.</li><li>Security Risks: Allowing users to input custom HTML can create security vulnerabilities, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, if not properly sanitized and validated.</li><li>Complexity for Non-Technical Users: The flexibility of the HTML RTE can be overwhelming for non-technical content creators, leading to difficulties in using and formatting content correctly.</li><li>Content Fragility: Directly embedding custom HTML code can make the content more fragile, as small syntax errors can cause content failures or improper rendering.</li><li>Accessibility Concerns: Improperly structured HTML content can hinder accessibility for users with disabilities, leading to compliance issues with accessibility standards.</li><li>Performance Impact: Excessive use of complex HTML elements and scripts can negatively impact page load times and overall website performance.</li><li>Version Control Challenges: Versioning HTML content can be more complex, especially when updating specific components within the content.</li><li>Cross-Browser Compatibility: Ensuring consistent rendering and functionality across different web browsers can be challenging due to varying browser support for HTML features.</li><li>Data Integrity: If users have the ability to input raw HTML, there is a risk of improperly formatted code that may affect the data integrity of the content.</li><li>Content Governance: Allowing extensive customization with HTML RTE might lead to inconsistencies and deviations from the brand's style guidelines.</li><li>Limited WYSIWYG Editing: HTML RTE might lack certain visual editing features present in traditional WYSIWYG editors, making it challenging for users to visualize content changes in real-time.</li></ul> In this lesson, we explored challenges of using the HTML RTE (Rich Text Editor), including content formatting discrepancies, security risks, complexity for non-technical users, accessibility concerns, performance impact, and issues with version control and cross-browser compatibility.<h2>Effective Use of the HTML RTE Field</h2> Essential strategies for harnessing the full potential of HTML RTE&nbsp; include user training and input validation to accessibility compliance and performance optimization. Below we will&nbsp;discover how to create consistent, secure, and engaging content while mitigating common challenges. Here are some strategies and best practices to overcome such challenges.: <ul><li>User Training and Support: Provide comprehensive training and documentation for non-technical users on how to use the HTML RTE effectively and safely. Offer ongoing support to address any questions or difficulties they may encounter.</li><li>Input Sanitization and Validation: Implement strict input sanitization and validation to prevent security vulnerabilities like XSS attacks. Use a robust HTML sanitizer to ensure only safe and allowed tags and attributes are used.</li><li>Content Governance and Style Guidelines: Establish clear content governance policies and style guidelines to maintain consistency and adherence to the brand's visual identity and formatting standards.</li><li>Use of Templates and Components: Utilize predefined templates and reusable components to streamline content creation, ensuring consistent styling and structure across different pages.</li><li>Accessibility Compliance: Follow web accessibility guidelines (e.g., WCAG) to ensure HTML content is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities.</li><li>Content Versioning and Review Process: Implement a version control system and review process to track changes and maintain content integrity while collaborating with multiple stakeholders.</li><li>Performance Optimization: Optimize HTML code and scripts to improve page load times and overall website performance. Minimize unnecessary elements and prioritize performance.</li><li>Browser Testing: Regularly test the HTML content across various web browsers and devices to ensure consistent rendering and functionality.</li><li>Automated Testing: Employ automated testing tools to identify potential issues, such as broken links, missing tags, or performance bottlenecks in the HTML content.</li><li>Limit Customization Options: If appropriate, limit the extent of HTML customization available to content creators, balancing flexibility with the need for consistency and security.</li><li>Debugging and Error Handling: Develop robust error-handling mechanisms to detect and address syntax errors and content failures effectively.</li><li>Collaboration and Communication: Foster open communication and collaboration between content creators, developers, and other stakeholders to address challenges and find optimal solutions together. </li></ul>In summary, organizations should implement proper content governance, security measures, and user training to mitigate issues. Additionally, leveraging templates and predefined styles can help create consistent and secure content. Regular audits and testing across various browsers and devices can also help identify and address potential rendering discrepancies and performance concerns.Walkthrough Lesson: Integrating an HTML RTE Field to the "News Article" Content Type in Contentstack<div style="position: relative;overflow: hidden;padding-bottom: 56.25%;"><iframe src="https://cdn.jwplayer.com/players/pPkRXW33-b769H14u.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" title="Cm-implementing Html Rte" style="position: absolute;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>Objective: Equip yourself with the knowledge to incorporate the HTML RTE (Rich Text Editor) field into a Contentstack "News Article" content type, thereby enhancing the visual appeal and interactivity of news articles. Step 1: Introduction to HTML RTE<ul><li>Kick off with an overview of the Rich Text Editor (RTE) in Contentstack and its pivotal role in transforming traditional news articles into immersive multimedia experiences.</li></ul>Step 2: Scenario Setup<ul><li>Scenario: Imagine you're the digital editor for "Daily Insights," a news portal. While your articles are informative, they lack visual elements and interactive content, leading to decreased reader engagement. To address this, you decide to revamp the "News Article" content type by integrating rich text capabilities, allowing journalists to embed images, videos, and utilize advanced text formatting.</li></ul>Step 3: Accessing Your "News Article" Content Type<ul><li>Log into your Contentstack account.</li><li>Head over to the "Content Models" section.</li><li>Find and select the "News Article" content type.
 </li></ul>Step 4: Incorporating the HTML RTE Field<ul><li>Tap on the "+ Add Field" button.</li><li>From the dropdown menu, opt for "Rich Text Editor."</li><li>Name the field "Article Content" or something similar.</li><li>Optionally, provide a brief guideline for journalists, such as "Craft the core content of the article, embedding relevant images, videos, and using rich text formatting for better reader engagement."</li></ul>Step 5: Tailoring the HTML RTE<ul><li>Within "Properties," select the formatting tools that align with your portal's style guide.</li><li>Set validation rules if needed, like ensuring certain tags are used or setting a character limit for consistency.
 </li></ul>Step 6: Save and Test<ul><li>Click "Save" to finalize the HTML RTE field's addition to your "News Article" content type.</li><li>Navigate to the "Entries" section and pick "News Article."</li><li>Create a new entry or edit an existing one. You should now spot the "Article Content" field, equipped with the rich text editor toolbar.</li><li>Test its functionality by drafting a sample news piece, embedding multimedia elements, and experimenting with different formatting tools.</li></ul>Step 7: Conclusion<ul><li>By seamlessly integrating the HTML RTE field into your "News Article" content type, you've empowered your journalists to craft compelling, multimedia-rich articles, ensuring that "Daily Insights" offers a modern and engaging reading experience.</li></ul>Note: For comprehensive details and any updates related to the HTML RTE functionalities, it's advisable to refer to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-content-types/rich-text-editor">documentation</a>.<h2>Module Summary:&nbsp;Optimizing&nbsp;HTML RTE Field Implementation</h2>
 In this comprehensive lesson, we explored the versatility of Contentstack's HTML RTE and its advantages for content creators. We delved into common scenarios where HTML RTE is widely used, from content creation to interactive elements. However, challenges, such as formatting discrepancies and security risks, should not be overlooked. To overcome these hurdles, we presented best practices like user training, input validation, and accessibility compliance. By adhering to content governance and collaborating effectively, content creators can elevate their work, ensuring consistent and engaging experiences for users across digital platforms. Learn more:<ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/json-rich-text-editor/html-rte-vs-json-rte">HTML RTE vs JSON RTE</a></li></ul><h2>Optional Exercise: Implementing the HTML RTE in 'Product Listing' Content Type&nbsp;
 </h2>Objective: Learn how to integrate the HTML RTE (Rich Text Editor) into the 'Product Listing' content type to enhance content creation and formatting capabilities. Scenario: You're managing an online store's content on Contentstack. To provide detailed descriptions for products, you decide to implement the HTML RTE, allowing for rich text formatting and embedding of multimedia elements.
 Step 1: Accessing the 'Product Listing' Content Type<ul><li>Navigate to your Contentstack dashboard.</li><li>Locate and select the existing 'Product Listing' content type.</li></ul> Step 2: Integrating the HTML RTE to 'Product Listing'<ul><li>Click on "+ Add Field" and select the "Rich Text Editor" field.</li><li>Label it "Product Details".</li><li>In the properties section, enable the "Allow HTML" option to utilize the HTML RTE capabilities.</li><li>Save the changes to the 'Product Listing' content type.
 </li></ul>Step 3: Creating or Editing Entries with HTML RTE<ul><li>Navigate to the 'Entries' section and select 'Product Listing'.</li><li>Click on "+ New Entry" or select an existing entry to edit.</li><li>In the "Product Details" field, you can now utilize the HTML RTE to format text, embed multimedia, and input custom HTML.</li><li>Save and publish the entry.</li></ul> Conclusion: By integrating the HTML RTE into the 'Product Listing' content type, you've empowered content creators with enhanced text formatting and multimedia embedding capabilities. This ensures richer and more engaging content for your online store's audience.

HTML RTE Field

Group Fields

Global Fields

Custom Fields

Modular Blocks

Languages & Localization

The Contentstack Content Models are a blueprint or schema of a content type that defines the structure, fields, and relationships of the content. It is a visual representation of the content type and helps content editors and developers to create and manage content in a structured and organized manner. If you haven't already installed a training instance, you can do so by visiting our Legacy Academy. Click the <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/academy-old">Create Training Instance</a> button on the home page.

This course provides you the necessary information to effectively content model within the Contentstack CMS.

Content Modeling with Contentstack

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<h1>Developer Onboarding Course - Introduction</h1> Welcome to our exciting new course on developing web applications with Contentstack! If you're looking to build powerful, scalable, and customizable web applications, then you're in the right place. In this course, we'll guide you through the fundamentals of Contentstack, including content modeling, API and SDK usage, and more. We'll also cover advanced topics such as extending a NextJS app, enabling localization, and optimizing your content delivery. With our easy-to-follow tutorials and hands-on exercises, you'll quickly gain the skills and knowledge needed to build stunning web applications that meet the needs of your clients and users. So, whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting out, join us on this exciting journey and take your web development skills to the next level with Contentstack!The main tasks in the course are:<ol><li>Create a new detail page (new content type, new NextJS Component, new CD API query)</li><li>Create a new gallery landing page (new content type, new NextJS Component, more complicated CD API Queries)</li></ol>We also cover the following:<ul><li>Starter app overview, install, and walk through</li><li>Using CMA to read and import content</li><li>SDKs / APIs overview and introduction</li><li>SDKs / APIs deep dive with patterns / practices&nbsp;</li><li>Roles &amp; Permissions</li><li>Workflow</li><li>Marketplace intro</li><li>Automation hub intro</li></ul><h1>What we will be building</h1><h2>Composable Hero&nbsp;Gallery Page</h2><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltd51a0c5b982c72f8/664c027a1983ea9d6dac29b4/composable-heros.png" alt="composable-heros.png" height="auto"/><h4> Composable Hero Detail Page</h4><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltcba8639d82e39f82/664c02a3785339639e9e3d9f/composable-heros-detail.png" width="auto" alt="composable-heros-detail.png" height="auto" max-width="auto" style="max-width: auto;width: auto;height: auto;"/><h1>Getting Started</h1>1.&nbsp; Create a new Training Instance - Go to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/academy-old">https://www.contentstack.com/academy-old</a> and select 'Create a Training Instance'. 2.&nbsp; <a href="https://github.com/contentstack/contentstack-academy-playground">Download the course code from Github (https://github.com/contentstack/contentstack-academy-playground)</a> 3.&nbsp; Rename the .env.local.sample file to .env.local and update the configuration properties <img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltb3b6b76e3ee547ed/664c033cc9024cafa4ad58b4/rename-sample.png" alt="rename-sample.png" height="auto"/> 4. Build the project with 'npm i' 5.&nbsp; Run the website with 'npm run dev'

What We'll Build

Getting Started

<h1>Architecture</h1><h2>Big Picture Architecture Diagram</h2><h3>Backend</h3>The Backend of Contentstack is the CMS with the ability to create and publish content.&nbsp; The focus here is on editor ease-of-use by providing a simple, powerful and flexible UI for content creation and management.&nbsp; In addition to the out of the box functionality, we also provide an ability to extend the interface by creating UI Extensions using our App SDK and connect to 3rd-party applications such as DAM providers, Analytics, E-Commerce platforms and more.<h3>Frontend</h3>The focus on the frontend is high-performance for your website and web application. APIs and SDKs are provided to the developer for using in their applications to perform read-only queries to the content.&nbsp; The Content Delivery APIs use an internal CDN to cache all queries to the platform which results in higher performance for all your web applications.&nbsp; This is also where we find the Images API for delivering image assets.<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt40df19fbdfa691c4/664c7d55a671fa7891f218bf/Architecture.png" alt="Architecture.png" height="auto"/><h2>Environments</h2><ul><li>One Stack can publish to multiple Environments. &nbsp;Think of Environments as “publish destinations”.</li><li>Each Environment has one Delivery Token, otherwise known as an Access Token. &nbsp;That token is unique per Environment.</li><li>Each Stack has an API key. &nbsp;There is only 1 API key per Stack and it is unique.</li><li>Most API calls will require both an API token and a Delivery / Access Token.</li></ul><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blta9f0e57d8a3c5a6e/664c7d9f79abee8ebd3d1534/environment.png" alt="environment.png" height="auto"/>Multi-Stack Architecture Diagram<img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltd1dd48a1fcbec491/664c7de28a66292552b1397b/multi-stack.png" alt="multi-stack.png" height="auto"/>

Big Picture Architecture

Architecture Walkthrough

Environments Walkthrough

In this module, we'll dive into the world of Contentstack's powerful APIs that can help you build your digital experiences faster, easier, and better. Our APIs are designed to help developers access content and make updates programatically.First, we'll start with Contentstack's Content Delivery API. This API allows developers to retrieve content from Contentstack's headless CMS and deliver it to any digital platform or device. You'll learn how to use our API to retrieve content in a structured and organized manner, so you can easily integrate it into your website, app, or any other digital platform.Next, we'll explore Contentstack's Content Management API. This API enables developers to create, update, and manage content in Contentstack's headless CMS programmatically. You'll learn how to leverage our API to automate content creation, content management workflows, and enable seamless collaboration between developers and content editors, and increase the efficiency of your content creation processes.Finally, we'll dive into Contentstack's Images API. This API allows you to transform and optimize images on-the-fly, so you can deliver the best possible visual experience to your users. You'll learn how to use our API to resize, compress, and optimize images.By the end of this module, you'll have a deep understanding of Contentstack's powerful APIs and how to leverage them to build faster, better, and more engaging digital experiences. So, let's get started!<h1>Using the Content Delivery API</h1>Contentstack's Content Delivery API is a powerful tool that enables developers to retrieve content from Contentstack's headless CMS and deliver it to any digital platform or device. It allows you to fetch content in a structured and organized manner, which makes it easier to integrate into your website, app, or any other digital platform.The Content Delivery API is built on top of a powerful caching layer, which ensures lightning-fast performance even when you're dealing with large amounts of content. This caching layer also ensures that your content is always up-to-date and in sync with the latest updates made to the CMS.One of the biggest advantages of using Contentstack's Content Delivery API is that it's completely agnostic to the technology stack you're using. Whether you're building your website using a traditional CMS or a modern front-end framework like React or Vue.js, the Content Delivery API can be seamlessly integrated into your workflow.With the Content Delivery API, you can also retrieve content in multiple languages, which is essential for building global websites and apps. The API also allows you to fetch only the content you need, which reduces the amount of data transfer and improves the overall performance of your application.<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/content-delivery-api/">Content Delivery API Documentation</a><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/bltbeecb6f7ab8cf28a/664d437c785339c0e89e4f8e/API-map.png" alt="API-map.png" height="auto"/>

Using the Content Delivery API

<h3>Using the&nbsp;Content Delivery API documentation </h3><ol><li>Go to the <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/content-delivery-api/#get-all-entries">Get Entries section of the Content Delivery Documentation</a></li><li>Select the Get all Entries link to open the query window on the right</li><li>Update the parameters to use the following:
 - content_type_uid: blog_post
 - environment: preview (or development)
 - locale: en-us
 - api_key: (found in the settings / tokens / content delivery token settings page)
 - access_token:&nbsp;(found in the settings / tokens / content delivery token settings page)

 <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/graphql-content-delivery-api/#postman-collection">If you have questions, see the Postman guide for more details</a></li><li>Execute the request with the 'Try' button</li><li>Congrats!&nbsp; you just queried the Contentstack Content Delivery API!</li></ol>

Using the Content Delivery API documentation

Querying the Content Delivery API with the Documentation Walkthrough

<h3>Using the Postman collection to connect with the Content Delivery API</h3><ol><li><a href="https://www.postman.com/downloads/">Download and install Postman</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/apis/postman-collections">Download the Contentstack Postman Content Delivery collection</a></li><li>To obtain the Content Delivery Token, follow these steps in Contentstack: navigate to the "Settings" page, select "Tokens," then choose "Content Delivery." If you haven't created a Delivery Token yet, <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-tokens/create-a-delivery-token/">create a new Delivery Token</a>. <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/create-tokens/#work-with-delivery-tokens">Additional information about tokens, including Delivery Tokens, can be found in our documentation</a>&nbsp;</li><li>Open Postman and select the 'Content Delivery API - Contentstack' collection.&nbsp; Entries, Get all entries</li><li>Edit the Postman variables and update the values for api_key and access_token.&nbsp; The api_key is found on the Delivery Token settings page.&nbsp; The access_token is the Delivery Token.&nbsp; These are used in the Headers of the request.
 Also, add the value of the content_type_uid as 'blog_post', environment as 'preview' and locale as 'en-us'.</li><li>Send the request.&nbsp; Contentstack replies&nbsp;with the JSON of all blog_post entries.</li></ol>

Using the Postman collection to connect with the Content Delivery API

Using Postman to query the Contentstack Content Delivery API Walkthrough

<h2>Getting Started using the JavaScript Content Delivery SDK</h2>To get started with the Content Delivery SDK and NodeJS, the first thing you need to do is to install it. You can do this by running the following command in your project directory:npm install contentstack <h2>Helpful Javascript Resources</h2><a href="https://github.com/contentstack/contentstack-javascript">Javascript SDK on Github</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/sdks/content-delivery-sdk/javascript-browser/reference/">Javascript API Reference</a>
 Include the JS SDK in your projects<pre>https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/contentstack@latest/dist/web/contentstack.min.js </pre>Once you have installed the SDK, you need to initialize it with your API key, delivery token, and environment name. Here's an example of how to do this:<pre>const Contentstack = require('contentstack'); const Stack = Contentstack.Stack({ api_key: 'your_api_key', delivery_token: 'your_delivery_token', environment: 'your_environment' }); </pre>With the SDK initialized, you can start retrieving content from Contentstack's API. The SDK provides several methods for fetching content, depending on your requirements.If you want to retrieve a single entry, you can use the Entry method, as shown in the following example:<pre>Stack.ContentType('your_content_type_uid').Entry('your_entry_uid').fetch() .then(function success(entry) { console.log(entry); }, function error(err) { console.log(err); }); </pre>In this example, your_content_type_uid is the unique identifier of the content type you want to retrieve, and your_entry_uid is the unique identifier of the entry you want to retrieve. The fetch() method retrieves the entry and returns it as a JavaScript object.If you want to retrieve multiple entries, you can use the Query method, as shown in the following example:<pre>const stack = Contentstack.Stack({"api_key":"bltc2242b759e36fcb9","delivery_token":"cs1470a664abc4563bd43a604d","environment":"development"});&nbsp; // use your api_key and delivery_token here from your Stack const query = stack.GetEntry('blog_post').Query(); query.toJSON() &nbsp; .find() &nbsp; .then( &nbsp; (result) =&gt; { &nbsp; &nbsp; console.log(result[0]); &nbsp; }, &nbsp; (error) =&gt; { &nbsp; &nbsp; console.error(error); &nbsp; }, ); </pre>In this example, your_content_type_uid is the unique identifier of the content type you want to retrieve. The find() method retrieves all the entries of the content type and returns them as an array of JavaScript objects.The SDK also provides methods for filtering and sorting entries, as well as retrieving entries with specific fields. You can learn more about these methods in the Contentstack documentation.There are also SDKs for most popular languages such as .Net, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, iOS, Android, Dart, etc.Documentation links:<ul><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/sdks/content-delivery-sdk/javascript-browser/reference/">API Reference</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/contentstack/contentstack-javascript">JavaScript SDK Github Repo</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/sdks/">All SDKs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.contentstack.com/docs/developers/web-framework/querying/">Query examples</a>
 </li></ul><img src="https://images.contentstack.io/v3/assets/bltebc53cfaf0dd6403/blt31c71c762d48a421/664d45aa79abeeeb093d23a5/content-sdk.png" alt="content-sdk.png" height="auto"/>

Using the JavaScript Content Delivery SDK

The Contentstack Developer Onboarding Course is designed to equip learners with comprehensive knowledge on various aspects of the platform, including its architecture, APIs, SDKs, and the process of creating a NextJS web application.&nbsp; <a href="https://github.com/contentstack/contentstack-academy-playground" target="_blank">Download Playground Here</a>You can also install a training instance by visiting our Legacy Academy. Click the <a href="https://www.contentstack.com/academy-old" target="_blank">Create Training Instance</a> button on the home page.Throughout the course, learners will receive detailed instruction on how to utilize Contentstack's features to build robust and scalable web applications. They will gain a deep understanding of the platform's architecture, enabling them to develop applications that take full advantage of Contentstack's capabilities.&nbsp;Additionally, the course will provide learners with hands-on experience using Contentstack's APIs and SDKs, enabling them to develop efficient and effective web applications. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary to create high-quality web applications using Contentstack.

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